Complexities of Inferring Symbiont Function:
            <i>Paraburkholderia</i>
            Symbiont Dynamics in Social Amoeba Populations and Their Impacts on the Amoeba Microbiota

DuBose, James G.; Robeson, Michael S.; Hoogshagen, Mackenzie; Olsen, Hunter; Haselkorn, Tamara S.

doi:10.1128/aem.01285-22

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 84 publications

(102 reference statements)

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“…First, our samples were not replicated over time, so our results do not capture the variation in Paraburkholderia symbiosis over time. This may be an important factor as other soil sampling studies have found that symbiosis with Paraburkholderia may vary over time in some locations ( DuBose et al, 2022 ). Second, our soil and climate measures do not capture within site heterogeneity that is important in many microbial systems ( Nannipieri et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Unpredictable soil conditions can affect the prevalence of a microbial symbiosis

Scott,

Stephenson,

Rao

et al. 2024

PeerJ

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The evolution of symbiotic interactions may be affected by unpredictable conditions. However, a link between prevalence of these conditions and symbiosis has not been widely demonstrated. We test for these associations using Dictyostelium discoideum social amoebae and their bacterial endosymbionts. D. discoideum commonly hosts endosymbiotic bacteria from three taxa: Paraburkholderia, Amoebophilus and Chlamydiae. Three species of facultative Paraburkholderia endosymbionts are the best studied and give hosts the ability to carry prey bacteria through the dispersal stage to new environments. Amoebophilus and Chlamydiae are obligate endosymbiont lineages with no measurable impact on host fitness. We tested whether the frequency of both single infections and coinfections of these symbionts were associated with the unpredictability of their soil environments by using symbiont presence-absence data from D. discoideum isolates from 21 locations across the eastern United States. We found that symbiosis across all infection types, symbiosis with Amoebophilus and Chlamydiae obligate endosymbionts, and symbiosis involving coinfections were not associated with any of our measures. However, unpredictable precipitation was associated with symbiosis in two species of Paraburkholderia, suggesting a link between unpredictable conditions and symbiosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Environmental sampling has found that Paraburkholderia prevalence is about 25% of sampled hosts but varies by sampling location ( Haselkorn et al, 2019 ) and over time ( DuBose et al, 2022 ). Obligate endosymbionts are found in about 40% of sampled hosts ( Haselkorn et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unpredictable soil conditions can affect the prevalence of a microbial symbiosis

Scott,

Stephenson,

Rao

et al. 2024

PeerJ

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“…Our post-hoc hypothesis for the lack of defense mechanisms in hosts of P. bonniea is related to the ecology of both host and symbiont. P. bonniea is the rarest of Paraburkholderia symbionts of D. discoideum (Haselkorn et al 2019; DuBose et al 2022) and it also appears to be the symbiont species that is least detrimental to host fitness on average (Miller et al 2020). Rare encounters between new hosts and P. bonniea may not have a significant impact on D. discoideum populations, particularly if D. discoideum itself is sparsely distributed across soil landscapes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These pieces of evidence indicate that P. agricolaris may be a generalist symbiont of social amoebas, and P. agricolaris infection from the environment and horizontal infection between amoebas may be common. The rarer P. bonniea and P. hayleyella are still elusive in terms of their natural host ranges (DuBose et al 2022). But given their relative scarcity and difference in genome size, we predict that both reduced-genome species are more likely to be specialists of D. discoideum .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facultative symbiont virulence determines horizontal transmission rate without host strain specificity

Noh

Larson

Covitz

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Whether coevolution determines distribution patterns of facultative symbionts among individuals of a host species is an open question. We used theDictyostelium discoideum-Paraburkholderiasystem to investigate the role of host fitness and symbiont transmission in co-occurrence patterns of naturally occurring (native) host-symbiont strain pairs.P. bonnieais able to persistently infectD. discoideumin the lab, yet few wildD. discoideumisolates natively host this symbiont. If native host-symbiont combinations lead to higher fitness for host and symbiont compared to nonnative combinations, we assumed a stronger chance that coevolution had led to their co-occurrence. We approached the factors that influence the fitness consequences of host-symbiont interactions in terms of host defense mechanisms and symbiont virulence mechanisms. Given a specific combination of host and symbiont, variable host resistance and symbiont proliferation lead to variation in symbiont density, while variable host tolerance and symbiont benevolence lead to variation in host fitness relative to symbiont density. We used both vegetative and social stages of the host life cycle to approximate interactions betweenD. discoideumandP. bonniea, when hosts form social groups and symbiont horizontal transmission is facilitated by these social groups. We found no difference in host defense mechanisms between native and nonnative hosts ofP. bonniea, butP. bonnieapossesses variable phenotypes in proliferation and benevolence. More importantly, variation in symbiont benevolence led to increased horizontal transmission of benevolent strains compared to malevolent strains during the social stage of the host life cycle.

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“…Among a few studies, it is suggested that the endosymbionts provide benefits to their host Acanthamoeba by enhancing Acanthamoeba motility and growth that could enhance its environmental prevalence, protecting Acanthamoeba from the pathogenic Legionella spp. and enhancing Acanthamoeba pathogenicity (reviewed in [55]). Using advanced molecular "omics" technologies, there is a need for a holistic approach to understand the microbial community dynamics in natural environments to comprehend effect/function of each symbiont and their prevalence in complex ecological populations.…”

Section: Monkeypox Virus Interaction With Its Hostsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Acanthamoeba Harbor Monkeypox Virus?

et al. 2023

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Acanthamoeba is well known to host a variety of microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and yeast. Given the recent number of cases of monkeypox infection, we speculate that amoebae may be aiding viral transmission to the susceptible hosts. Although there is no confirmatory evidence to suggest that Acanthamoeba is a host to monkeypox (a double-stranded DNA virus), the recent discovery of mimivirus (another double-stranded DNA virus) from Acanthamoeba, suggests that amoebae may shelter monkeypox virus. Furthermore, given the possible spread of monkeypox virus from animals to humans during an earlier outbreak, which came about after patients came in contact with prairie dogs, it is likely that animals may also act as mixing vessel between ubiquitously distributed Acanthamoeba and monkeypox virus, in addition to the environmental habitat that acts as an interface in complex interactions between diverse microorganisms and the host.

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Complexities of Inferring Symbiont Function: Paraburkholderia Symbiont Dynamics in Social Amoeba Populations and Their Impacts on the Amoeba Microbiota

Cited by 7 publications

References 84 publications

Unpredictable soil conditions can affect the prevalence of a microbial symbiosis

Unpredictable soil conditions can affect the prevalence of a microbial symbiosis

Facultative symbiont virulence determines horizontal transmission rate without host strain specificity

Can Acanthamoeba Harbor Monkeypox Virus?

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