Complex three-component constructions of the “adverbial participle - participle” type in the Altai language

Abstract

Analytical constructions are common in the Altai language. The verbal analytic constructions are very diverse, including adverbial participle, participle, and infinitive ones. This paper examines three-component “adverbial participial - participial” constructions: adverbial participle on =p; auxiliary verbs of being in the participle form on =Ar and =GAn; and auxiliary verb bol= (to be) in different grammatical forms. Four subtypes of multi-component constructions were studied. The analysis revealed the analytical construction to be the most frequent, with the first component being the free verb adverbial participle and the second component represented by the verbs of being tur= (to stand), otur= (to sit) and d’at= (to lie), d’ür= (to walk), fully grammaticalized and appearing as =GAn, and the third component, the verb bol=, used as a service predicate bolor (probably) expressing a high probability of the action. The semantics of an analytical construction proved to depend on its semantic components. Each grammatical element contributes its shade depending on: a) what verb is used as the first free component; b) what auxiliary verb is used as the second component and what is the temporal form of the verb; c) the grammatical form of the modal verb bol=. The analytical constructions studied demonstrate the following pattern: if the form with =DY of the final component bol= takes on the personal affixes, then the meaning of the action credibility in the past does not come first, the meaning of the admonitive becomes apparent, expressing a warning to the addressee about possible negative actions.