Complex rupture mechanism and topography control symmetry of mass-wasting pattern, 2010 Haiti earthquake

Görüm, Tolga; Westen, C.J. van; Korup, Oliver; Meijde, M. van der; Fan, Xuanmei; Meer, Freek D. van der

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.11.027

Cited by 109 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Most of the landslides happened at the back slope with respect to the earthquake epicentre, with a total of approximately 65%; however, the landslide happened at the facing slope is approximately 35%. The correlations between topographic position and the number of landslides show similar trends to previous studies, such as the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (Xu and Li 2010;Xu et al 2011) and the 2010 Haiti earthquake (Gorum et al 2013). As shown in figure 16(a), these two giant landslides (Ganjiazhai and Honhshiyan) were located at the back slope with steep terrain (larger slope gradient).…”

Section: Influence Of Slope Aspect and Gradientsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Most of the previous earthquake events (Dai et al 2011;Gorum et al 2013;Huang et al 2013;Li et al 2013) show that the landslide density is increased with increasing slope gradient. On the contrary, Xu et al (2014b) found that the landslide density related to the Minxian-Zhangxian earthquake did not increase with increasing slope gradient.…”

Section: Influence Of Slope Aspect and Gradientmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Landslides triggered by the 3 August 2014 Ludian earthquake in China: geological properties, geomorphologic characteristics and spatial distribution analysis

Zhou

Hao

2015

Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk

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On 3 August 2014, an earthquake of Mw 6.5 happened in Ludian County, Yunnan Province, China. This earthquake triggered hundreds of landslides of various types, dominated by shallow slides, deep-seated slides, rock falls, debris flow and unstable slopes. Using field investigations and remote sensing images, 413 landslides triggered by the Ludian earthquake were statistically analyzed. Statistical analyses show that most of the landslides are shallow slides with a small volume. Most of these landslides are concentrated near the epicentre with distances ranging from 6À12 km, especially at the upper slope along the river valley. The number of landslides increased with increasing distance from the epicentre (0À9 km) and then decreased with increasing distance from the epicentre (>9 km). The landslides decreased in density with increasing distance from the fault rupture. More than 70% of the landslides occurred on the right side of the XiyuheZhaotong fault, when viewed from Southwest (SW) to Northeast (NE). Slope aspect and gradient had a substantial influence on the landslide distribution and landslide density increased with increasing slope gradient. Approximately, 65% of the landslides happened at the back slope with respect to the earthquake epicentre.

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Section: Influence Of Slope Aspect and Gradientsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Influence Of Slope Aspect and Gradientmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landslides triggered by the 3 August 2014 Ludian earthquake in China: geological properties, geomorphologic characteristics and spatial distribution analysis

Zhou

Hao

2015

Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk

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“…These 83 cases have been harvested from published compilations (Keefer, 1984;Hancox et al, 1997;Rodriguez et al, 1999;Bommer and Rodriguez, 2002;Martino et al, 2014) and from recent landslide maps (Table 1). They include the 10 cases with comprehensive landslide inventories described separately below, 36 inventories for which we could access one or several maps with isolines of landslides density or point inventories to check the values reported in published compilations (Bonilla, 1960;Keefer et al, 1980;Harp et al, 1984;Harp and Keefer, 1990;Jibson et al, 1994;Tibaldi et al, 1995;Hancox et al, 1997;Keefer and Manson, 1998;Hancox et al, 2003Hancox et al, , 2004Jibson and Harp, 2006;Mahdavifar et al, 2006;Sato et al, 2007;Kamp et al, 2008;Mosquera-Machado et al, 2009;Alfaro et al, 2012;Collins et al, 2012;Jibson and Harp, 2012;Gorum et al, 2014;Martino et al, 2014;Xu et al, 2014aXu et al, , b, 2015Martha et al, 2016;Zhou et al, 2016), and a further 37 cases for which we could not access any raw data to evaluate the reported values (Table 1). For 10 earthquakes, detailed landslide inventories with comprehensive maps of the landslide as polygons are available, allowing an objective characterization of A d (as discussed below): the 1976 Guatemala, 1991Limon, 1993Finisterre, 1994Northridge, 1999Chi-Chi, 2004…”

Section: Landslide Maps and Compilations Of Landslide Distribution Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The earthquake-induced landslide hazard is defined in the first instance by the number, size, and location of landslides. These variables are correlated with a combination of local factors, such as the peak ground acceleration (Meunier et al, 2007(Meunier et al, , 2008, hillslope geometry (Parise and Jibson, 2000;Gorum et al, 2013), and the strength (Parise and Jibson, 2000;Gallen et al, 2015) and degree of hydrological saturation of near-surface materials, which are difficult to quantify due to their inhomogeneity across epicentral areas (Dreyfus et al, 2013). A simpler approach is to predict first-order variables such as the total volume and area of landsliding caused by an earthquake based on simple seismological considerations (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, the area with concentrated landsliding should be more closely related to seismic forcing and less dependent on unusual hillslopes conditions. Several global or regional compilations of earthquakeinduced landslide data have reported A d , and explored its scaling with earthquake magnitude (Keefer, 1984;Rodriguez et al, 1999;Hancox et al, 1997;Keefer, 2002). They found that log 10 (A d ) scales linearly with the moment magnitude M w of an earthquake:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prediction of the area affected by earthquake-induced landsliding based on seismological parameters

Marc

Meunier

Hovius

2017

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. We present an analytical, seismologically consistent expression for the surface area of the region within which most landslides triggered by an earthquake are located (landslide distribution area). This expression is based on scaling laws relating seismic moment, source depth, and focal mechanism with ground shaking and fault rupture length and assumes a globally constant threshold of acceleration for onset of systematic mass wasting. The seismological assumptions are identical to those recently used to propose a seismologically consistent expression for the total volume and area of landslides triggered by an earthquake. To test the accuracy of the model we gathered geophysical information and estimates of the landslide distribution area for 83 earthquakes. To reduce uncertainties and inconsistencies in the estimation of the landslide distribution area, we propose an objective definition based on the shortest distance from the seismic wave emission line containing 95 % of the total landslide area. Without any empirical calibration the model explains 56 % of the variance in our dataset, and predicts 35 to 49 out of 83 cases within a factor of 2, depending on how we account for uncertainties on the seismic source depth. For most cases with comprehensive landslide inventories we show that our prediction compares well with the smallest region around the fault containing 95 % of the total landslide area. Aspects ignored by the model that could explain the residuals include local variations of the threshold of acceleration and processes modulating the surface ground shaking, such as the distribution of seismic energy release on the fault plane, the dynamic stress drop, and rupture directivity. Nevertheless, its simplicity and first-order accuracy suggest that the model can yield plausible and useful estimates of the landslide distribution area in near-real time, with earthquake parameters issued by standard detection routines.

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A seismologically consistent expression for the total area and volume of earthquake‐triggered landsliding

et al. 2016

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We present a new, seismologically consistent expression for the total area and volume of populations of earthquake-triggered landslides. This model builds on a set of scaling relationships between key parameters, such as landslide spatial density, seismic ground acceleration, fault length, earthquake source depth, and seismic moment. To assess the model we have assembled and normalized a catalog of landslide inventories for 40 shallow, continental earthquakes. Low landscape steepness causes systematic overprediction of the total area and volume of landslides. When this effect is accounted for, the model predicts the total landslide volume of 63% of 40 cases to within a factor 2 of the volume estimated from observations (R 2 = 0.76). The prediction of total landslide area is also sensitive to the landscape steepness, but less so than the total volume, and it appears to be sensitive to controls on the landslide size-frequency distribution, and possibly the shaking duration. Some outliers are likely associated with exceptionally strong rock mass in the epicentral area, while others may be related to seismic source complexities ignored by the model. However, the close match between prediction and estimate for about two thirds of cases in our database suggests that rock mass strength is similar in many cases and that our simple seismic model is often adequate, despite the variety of lithologies and tectonic settings covered. This makes our expression suitable for integration into landscape evolution models and application to the anticipation or rapid assessment of secondary hazards associated with earthquakes.

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Complex rupture mechanism and topography control symmetry of mass-wasting pattern, 2010 Haiti earthquake

Cited by 109 publications

References 45 publications

Landslides triggered by the 3 August 2014 Ludian earthquake in China: geological properties, geomorphologic characteristics and spatial distribution analysis

Landslides triggered by the 3 August 2014 Ludian earthquake in China: geological properties, geomorphologic characteristics and spatial distribution analysis

Prediction of the area affected by earthquake-induced landsliding based on seismological parameters

A seismologically consistent expression for the total area and volume of earthquake‐triggered landsliding

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