Complex Processing of Saponite Waste from a Diamond-Mining Enterprise

Abstract

The solution of the sludge utilization problem and yield increase at processing plants have great importance today all over the world. Disasters associated with the tailings dams failures have madeus develop technologies of tailings sludge utilization as a commercial product, reducing the environmental damage on the regions of mineral extraction. This research aimed to provide new data, methods and an analytical approach to solve the saponite sludge accumulation problem on mining enterprises with silicate coagulant to increase the rate of cycle water clarification for the enrichment process and the recycling of sludge to reduce its hazardous effect. Samples were taken in the deposit located in the north of the European part of Russia, where diamond bearing ore contain montmorillonite minerals, mostly saponite, which is considered to be a perspective secondary product. The content of this mineral in the sludge is above 20 wt.%. Saponite is a clay mineral with the general chemical formula (Ca,Na)0.3(Mg, Fe2+)3(Si, Al)4O10(OH)2·4H2O. The mineral has high adsorption, ion exchange, and catalytic and filtration properties; due to the developed diffuse layer, saponite particles are highly stable in an aqueous medium—the resulting suspension is highly stable and has slow sedimentation. During the research, a positive effect on the sedimentation process of clay saponite particles was established, due to the introduction of a coagulant containing 70% tricalcium silicate, at a dosage of 2 g/dm3 coagulant; the degree of purification of water containing the saponite clay suspension is 99%. The condensed sediment after the thermal drying and with the limestone addition can be used again as a coagulant or secondary product with enhanced properties;therefore, the sludge will be processed, and not stored.

Application of the UNIFAC Model for the Low-Sulfur Residue Marine Fuel Asphaltenes Solubility Calculation

“…where k is the cryoscopic constant of benzene (5.12 • C), a is the asphaltene concentration in grams per 1000 g of solvent, ∆T is the freezing point depression. The elemental composition of asphaltenes was determined on a LECO CHN628 analyzer (Leco Corporation, St. Joseph, MI, USA) [50,51], the sulfur content was determined on an XRF-1800 (Shimadzu, Japan) X-ray fluorescence analyzer [52,53]. The oxygen content was calculated by subtraction the total content of other elements from 100%.…”

The Physicochemical Basis for the Production of Rapeseed Oil Fatty Acid Esters in a Plug Flow Reactor

“…In addition to the above, the fuel and energy sector remains a common area of application relating to the use of FAEs in the 21st century, which is explained by the prerequisites of historical development [8][9][10]. On the one hand, sustainable global energy developments are now on the international agenda in the context of the transition to renewable energy technologies [11][12][13][14].…”

Influence of soda-sulfate mixture on physicochemical properties of saponite suspension

“…В качестве коагулянтов предлагаются как полимерные реагенты (полиакриламиды), так и ряд минеральных реагентов: сульфат калия, сульфат натрия, сульфат алюминия и т. д. [15,16].…”