Complex population dynamics and control of the invasive biennial Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard)

Pardini, Eleanor A.; Drake, John M.; Chase, Jonathan M.; Knight, Tiffany M.

doi:10.1890/08-0845.1

Cited by 98 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(69 reference statements)

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“…Our herbivory simulation results show the difficulty of managing A. petiolata with biocontrol. These simulations corroborate similarly unrealistic efficiency determined using a density-dependent model (20). We, therefore, conclude that early detection provides the best chance of limiting invasions at small scales.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Of course, some inaccuracies persist; for example, Pardini et al (20) found populations in Missouri on both sides of our predicted range boundary (Fig. 6).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Despite this likely distributional limit, we caution that A. petiolata's prolific seed production (e.g., 6 of 133 flowering adults produced >2,300 seeds) (similar results are in ref. 20) would enable it to readily establish after local extinction if it were able to persist in particularly favorable microclimates or during a sequence of favorable years. Woody shrubs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Climate change both facilitates and inhibits invasive plant ranges in New England

Merow

Bois

Allen

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Forecasting ecological responses to climate change, invasion, and their interaction must rely on understanding underlying mechanisms. However, such forecasts require extrapolation into new locations and environments. We linked demography and environment using experimental biogeography to forecast invasive and native species' potential ranges under present and future climate in New England, United States to overcome issues of extrapolation in novel environments. We studied two potentially nonequilibrium invasive plants' distributions, Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard) and Berberis thunbergii (Japanese barberry), each paired with their native ecological analogs to better understand demographic drivers of invasions. Our models predict that climate change will considerably reduce establishment of a currently prolific invader (A. petiolata) throughout New England driven by poor demographic performance in warmer climates. In contrast, invasion of B. thunbergii will be facilitated because of higher growth and germination in warmer climates, with higher likelihood to establish farther north and in closed canopy habitats in the south. Invasion success is in high fecundity for both invasive species and demographic compensation for A. petiolata relative to native analogs. For A. petiolata, simulations suggest that eradication efforts would require unrealistic efficiency; hence, management should focus on inhibiting spread into colder, currently unoccupied areas, understanding source-sink dynamics, and understanding community dynamics should A. petiolata (which is allelopathic) decline. Our results-based on considerable differences with correlative occurrence models typically used for such biogeographic forecasts-suggest the urgency of incorporating mechanism into range forecasting and invasion management to understand how climate change may alter current invasion patterns.demography | integral projection model | garlic mustard | Japanese barberry | species distribution model I nvasions and climate change are two of the primary factors that alter ecological systems. Forecasting ecological responses to these dynamic, potentially no-analog scenarios requires biologists to understand the fundamental processes that regulate change. The interaction of climate change and invasion remains a mystery, although it has been argued that climate change may foster invasions in many cases, whereas inhibition is less likely (1, 2). Studies have focused on such positive interactions (3), because they are readily observed; it is difficult to recognize when climate change has mitigated an invasion simply because there may not be an invasion to study. Only with a mechanistic understanding of how climate regulates life history transitions to mitigate or accelerate invasions can we improve the efficiency of management plans.Links between global change and invasion are complex and idiosyncratic, although in general, climate change, land use change, and increased resource availability seem to favor invasive species over natives (examples are rev...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Of course, some inaccuracies persist; for example, Pardini et al (20) found populations in Missouri on both sides of our predicted range boundary (Fig. 6).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Climate change both facilitates and inhibits invasive plant ranges in New England

Merow

Bois

Allen

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…The contrast between our study locations and other areas where garlic mustard has become an aggressive invader of forest interior habitat (Stinson et al 2007, Rodgers et al 2008a, Pardini et al 2009, Van Riper et al 2010) requires additional research. One possible explanation is that plants at our sites retain an overwhelming preference for high light sites because they frequently encounter edge habitat and/or other disturbance-related patches of high light.…”

Section: Additional Constraints To Invasionreduced Performance In Shadementioning

confidence: 86%

Physiological constraints on the spread of Alliaria petiolata populations in Massachusetts

Stinson

Seidler

2014

Ecosphere

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Abstract. The expansion of plant species into new sites is limited by a combination of environmental conditions and the capacity for adaptive variability in trait expression. Here, we investigated whether and how adaptation to forest edge conditions might be limiting the spread of the invasive plant Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard) into the forest interior in eastern Massachusetts. We conducted a common garden experiment to test whether plants from forest edge vs. forest interior microhabitats differ in their plasticity and physiological responses to experimental shading. All plants in the experiment responded to shading with reductions in growth, photosynthetic activity, and reproduction regardless of the source environment, indicating a high degree of plasticity and a strong likelihood that most seeds in our study populations are produced at the forest edge. Effects of the source habitat on physiological function were detectable, but small compared to the magnitude in growth and reproductive responses to light. Plants from the forest edge physiologically outperformed those from the interior when grown in the shade, but had equally low reproductive success. Plants originating in the forest interior, in contrast, demonstrated greater allocation to growth in relation to photosynthesis and reproduction compared to plants originating at the forest edge. We compare our findings to earlier work on the importance of plasticity for invasive spread in this species, and conclude that failure by garlic mustard to invade some forest interior sites is due in part to overwhelming reproductive and physiological disadvantages in low light. We further suggest that in some cases shade tolerance in this species is constrained in favor of plastic responses that optimize fitness in high light conditions. The implications for geographic variation in the spread and management of this species are discussed.

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“…Not only a predicted outcome of numerous population models (Ricker 1954, De Roos et al 2007, Abrams 2009), this phenomenon has been observed in some plants (Buckley et al 2001, Pardini et al 2009),…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Responses of Aquatic Non-Native Species to Novel Predator Cues and Increased Mortality

Turner¹

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Lethal biotic interactions strongly influence the potential for aquatic non-native species to establish and endure in habitats to which they are introduced. Predators in the recipient area, including native and previously established non-native predators, can prevent establishment, limit habitat use, and reduce abundance of non-native species.Management efforts by humans using methods designed to cause mass mortality (e.g., trapping, biocide applications) can reduce or eradicate non-native populations. However, the impacts of predator and human induced mortality may be mitigated by the behavior or population-level responses of a given non-native species.My dissertation examined the responses of non-native aquatic species to the risk of predation by novel (i.e., no previous exposure) predators in the recipient community Increases in recruitment rates can occur as a result of efforts to remove non-native species. This increase in recruitment can result in overcompensation, but more commonly results in compensation, where recruitment rates increase relative to pre-removal recruitment but does not result in in the population's abundance exceeding pre-removal iv levels. However, a detailed and accurate prediction of the response of a population to harvest is time consuming and data intensive. This is not feasible for most efforts to eradicate non-native species, which have the greatest chance of success when enacted rapidly after detection. For my final chapter, I performed a literature review and accompanying statistical analysis to determine if typically available information related to the removal effort (site size, site connectivity, and removal technique) could be used to determine increased risk of compensation for a given effort to remove aquatic invasive species. Compensation was closely linked to unsuccessful removal efforts and was observed only among efforts utilizing physical removal methods. However, the frequency with which compensation occurred varied with the exact technique employed, occurring most frequently in removal utilizing electrofishing. Additionally, evidence of compensation was more frequent among larger removal areas with variable connectivity.While other predictors (temperature, effort, etc) might add to the predicative power, the findings of the review provide criteria for managers to determine the relative risk of compensation prior to the start of removal.Further understanding of how invasive species respond to lethal biotic interactions, including anthropogenically mediated control measures, can aid in assessing the risk of invasion for a given species and inform managers of the risk of complications resulting from removal efforts. While inducible defenses may contribute to the long-term success of an introduced species in their recipient range, my findings did not support the idea that inducible defenses triggered by predator cues contributed to their initial introduction in this case. However, research on other non-native species and offspring of

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Complex population dynamics and control of the invasive biennial Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard)

Cited by 98 publications

References 46 publications

Climate change both facilitates and inhibits invasive plant ranges in New England

Climate change both facilitates and inhibits invasive plant ranges in New England

Physiological constraints on the spread of Alliaria petiolata populations in Massachusetts

Responses of Aquatic Non-Native Species to Novel Predator Cues and Increased Mortality

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