Complex polymer topologies and polymer—nanoparticle hybrid films prepared via surface-initiated controlled radical polymerization

High‐efficient surface tailoring via reverse atom transfer radical polymerization and reversible addition‐fragmentation chain‐transfer polymerization in an aqueous system initiated by a monocenter redox pair

“…Given the grafting density, “grafting from” is the commonly used method with lower grafting steric hindrance and higher grafting ratio 14 . Surface‐initiated conventional or living radical polymerization (LRP) has been developed and applied to the surface functionalization of various inorganic nanoparticles with desired polymer chains 5,15–19 . Tsubokawa and co‐workers reported a series of graft polymerization from silica (SiO 2 ) surface initiated by anchored azo and peroxide groups 20,21 .…”

“…14 Surface-initiated conventional or living radical polymerization (LRP) has been developed and applied to the surface functionalization of various inorganic nanoparticles with desired polymer chains. 5,[15][16][17][18][19] Tsubokawa and co-workers reported a series of graft polymerization from silica (SiO 2 ) surface initiated by anchored azo and peroxide groups. 20,21 Usually, these initiating groups are tethered on the surface of inorganic particles via a multistep reaction because of no commercial functional modifier.…”

Conformational Variations for Surface-Initiated Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization: From Flat to Curved Nanoparticle Surfaces

“…Advances in surface-initiated reversible deactivation radical polymerization (SI-RDRP) processes, such as surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP − ) and surface-initiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (SI-RAFT − ), have made it possible to modify the physicochemical properties of substrates. Depending on the chemical composition and architecture of the tethered polymer chains, the modified surfaces are utilized in applications such as sample purification; − biosensing; ,, antifouling coatings, ,, cell culture platform development, , adhesion and controlled cell shedding, , drug and gene delivery; catalysis and control of enzyme activity; − and capacitors, batteries, and fuel cells. − Many studies have therefore tuned macroscopic properties such as adhesion, lubrication, friction, and (bio)­compatibility, , but still, challenges are (i) to fully characterize surface-initiated polymerization (SIP) at the molecular level and (ii) to understand macromolecular variations compared to conventional solution/bulk synthesis routes.…”

Organic–inorganic hybrid functional materials by nitroxide-mediated polymerization

“…Although surface-tethered polymer chains can be conceptually produced by a variety of techniques including anionic, cationic and ring-opening polymerizations [8], reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP), formally known as controlled/living radical polymerization (CLRP) [9], has quicky become the preferred method. Indeed RDRP techniques have witnessed major progress over the past 30 years, providing polymer chemists with very efficients tools to tailor the structure and properties of polymeric materials and design a range of functional hybrid materials as described in several reviews [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Covalent modifications of inorganic materials with well-defined polymers not only allows the control of their surface properties and design robust non-reconstructing surfaces, but also improves the dispersion of inorganic particles in organic solvents and prevent their aggregation in polymeric matrices.…”