Complex permittivity characterization of serum with an air-bridge enhanced capacitor for quantifiable detection of glucose

Dhakal, Rajendra; Kim, Eun Seong

doi:10.1063/1.4909545

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The post-fabrication process involved wire-bonding the device to the printed circuit board (PCB) for safe measurement and handling. The realized IPD-based sensor was shown to be an appropriate candidate for the sensitive detection of the water-ethanol concentration, inheriting the functionality of previously proposed IPD-based glucose sensors such as reusable, robust, and mediator-free operation [ 3 , 16 , 20 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Various methodologies, such as (complementary) split-ring resonators [ 5 , 12 , 13 ] and interdigital capacitors [ 14 , 15 ], have been adopted for the characterization of biomolecules in the microwave region. In our previous work [ 16 ], we developed an air-bridge capacitor-based microsensor realized through integrated passive device (IPD) technology for the effective characterization of the complex permittivity of human serum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radio Frequency Detection and Characterization of Water-Ethanol Solution through Spiral-Coupled Passive Micro-Resonator Sensor

Koirala

Dhakal

Kim

et al. 2018

Sensors

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We present a microfabricated spiral-coupled passive resonator sensor realized through integrated passive device (IPD) technology for the sensitive detection and characterization of water-ethanol solutions. In order to validate the performance of the proposed device, we explicitly measured and analyzed the radio frequency (RF) characteristics of various water-ethanol solution compositions. The measured results showed a drift in the resonance frequency from 1.16 GHz for deionized (DI) water to 1.68 GHz for the solution containing 50% ethanol, whereas the rejection level given by the reflection coefficient decreased from −29.74 dB to −14.81 dB. The obtained limit of detection was 3.82% volume composition of ethanol in solution. The derived loaded capacitance was 21.76 pF for DI water, which gradually decreased to 8.70 pF for the 50% ethanol solution, and the corresponding relative permittivity of the solution decreased from 80.14 to 47.79. The dissipation factor increased with the concentration of ethanol in the solution. We demonstrated the reproducibility of the proposed sensor through iterative measures of the samples and the study of surface morphology. Successive measurement of different samples had no overlapping and had very minimum bias between RF characteristics for each measured sample. The surface profile for bare sensors was retained after the sample test, resulting a root mean square (RMS) value of 11.416 nm as compared to 10.902 nm for the bare test. The proposed sensor was shown to be a viable alternative to existing sensors for highly sensitive water-ethanol concentration detection.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radio Frequency Detection and Characterization of Water-Ethanol Solution through Spiral-Coupled Passive Micro-Resonator Sensor

Koirala

Dhakal

Kim

et al. 2018

Sensors

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“…GaAs substrates have become the second most important semiconductor materials owing to their high saturated electron drift velocity, low field mobility, low parasitics, and good interdevice isolation. Thus, they can be employed in various systems, including medical treatment, information storage, communications, military application, lasing, and sensing [13][14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of QFN-Packaged Miniaturized GaAs-Based Bandpass Filter with Intertwined Inductors and Dendritic Capacitor

et al. 2020

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This article presents a compact quad flat no-lead (QFN)-packaged second-order bandpass filter (BPF) with intertwined inductors, a dendritic capacitor, and four air-bridge structures, which was fabricated on a gallium arsenide (GaAs) substrate by integrated passive device (IPD) technology. Air-bridge structures were introduced into an approximate octagonal outer metal track to provide a miniaturized chip size of 0.021 × 0.021 λ0 (0.8 × 0.8 mm2) for the BPF. The QFN-packaged GaAs-based bandpass filter was used to protect the device from moisture and achieve good thermal and electrical performances. An equivalent circuit was modeled to analyze the BPF. A description of the manufacturing process is presented to elucidate the physical structure of the IPD-based BPF. Measurements were performed on the proposed single band BPF using a center frequency of 2.21 GHz (return loss of 26.45 dB) and a 3-dB fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 71.94% (insertion loss of 0.38 dB). The transmission zero is located at the 6.38 GHz with a restraint of 30.55 dB. The manufactured IPD-based BPF can play an excellent role in various S-band applications, such as a repeater, satellite communication, and radar, owing to its miniaturized chip size and high performance.

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“…Moreover, conventional sensitivity in glucose sensing has size issues, whereas metamaterial-inspired sensors can be miniature. Another research group [16] reported air-bridge enhanced capacitor-based glucose detection using complex permittivity characterization. They have also extracted all parameters form the measured S-parameter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Left-Handed Metamaterial-Inspired Unit Cell for S-Band Glucose Sensing Application

Islam

Hoque

Almutairi

et al. 2019

Sensors

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This paper presents an oval-shaped sensor design for the measurement of glucose concentration in aqueous solution. This unit cell sensing device is inspired by metamaterial properties and is analytically described for better parametric study. The mechanism of the sensor is a sensing layer with varying permittivity placed between two nozzle-shaped microstrip lines. Glucose aqueous solutions were characterized considering the water dielectric constant, from 55 to 87, and were identified with a transmission coefficient at 3.914 GHz optimal frequency with double negative (DNG) metamaterial properties. Consequently, the sensitivity of the sensor was estimated at 0.037 GHz/(30 mg/dL) glucose solution. The design and analysis of this sensor was performed using the finite integration technique (FIT)-based Computer Simulation Technology (CST) microwave studio simulation software. Additionally, parametric analysis of the sensing characteristics was conducted using experimental verification for the justification. The performance of the proposed sensor demonstrates the potential application scope for glucose level identification in aqueous solutions regarding qualitative analysis.

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Complex permittivity characterization of serum with an air-bridge enhanced capacitor for quantifiable detection of glucose

Cited by 20 publications

References 28 publications

Radio Frequency Detection and Characterization of Water-Ethanol Solution through Spiral-Coupled Passive Micro-Resonator Sensor

Radio Frequency Detection and Characterization of Water-Ethanol Solution through Spiral-Coupled Passive Micro-Resonator Sensor

Fabrication of QFN-Packaged Miniaturized GaAs-Based Bandpass Filter with Intertwined Inductors and Dendritic Capacitor

Left-Handed Metamaterial-Inspired Unit Cell for S-Band Glucose Sensing Application

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