Abstract:Background: Most cinquefoils (Potentilla L., Rosaceae) are polyploids, ranging from tetraploid (4x) to dodecaploid (12x), diploids being a rare exception. Previous studies based on ribosomal and chloroplast data indicated that Norwegian cinquefoil (P. norvegica L.) has genetic material from two separate clades within Potentilla; the Argentea and the Ivesioid cladesand thus a possible history of hybridization and polyploidization (allopolyploidy). In order to trace the putative allopolyploid origin of the speci… Show more
“…One option for multilocus datasets is to infer multiple single‐gene phylogenies and make comparisons among them, by inspection (e.g. Oberprieler et al ., 2019; Kao et al ., 2020; Persson et al ., 2020). This approach has the strengths of including multiple independent lines of evidence, but lacks the inferential power of true multilocus analysis or the ability to model incomplete lineage sorting via the multispecies coalescent.…”
Summary
Polyploidy is a dominant feature of extant plant diversity. However, major research questions, including whether polyploidy is important to long‐term evolution or is just ‘evolutionary noise’, remain unresolved due to difficulties associated with the generation and analysis of data from polyploid lineages. Many of these difficulties have been recently overcome, such that it is now often relatively straightforward to infer the full and often reticulate phylogenetic history of groups with recently formed polyploids. This nascent field of ‘polyploid phylogenetics’ allows researchers to tackle long‐standing questions of polyploid macroevolution, supplies the foundation for mechanistic models of ploidy change, and provides the opportunity to include a more complete and representative sample of plant taxa in our analyses in general.
“…One option for multilocus datasets is to infer multiple single‐gene phylogenies and make comparisons among them, by inspection (e.g. Oberprieler et al ., 2019; Kao et al ., 2020; Persson et al ., 2020). This approach has the strengths of including multiple independent lines of evidence, but lacks the inferential power of true multilocus analysis or the ability to model incomplete lineage sorting via the multispecies coalescent.…”
Summary
Polyploidy is a dominant feature of extant plant diversity. However, major research questions, including whether polyploidy is important to long‐term evolution or is just ‘evolutionary noise’, remain unresolved due to difficulties associated with the generation and analysis of data from polyploid lineages. Many of these difficulties have been recently overcome, such that it is now often relatively straightforward to infer the full and often reticulate phylogenetic history of groups with recently formed polyploids. This nascent field of ‘polyploid phylogenetics’ allows researchers to tackle long‐standing questions of polyploid macroevolution, supplies the foundation for mechanistic models of ploidy change, and provides the opportunity to include a more complete and representative sample of plant taxa in our analyses in general.
“…Wesche et al [15] also reported that mountain ranges of the southeastern Gobi Altai, especially at high altitudes, have highly isolated plant populations and, not surprisingly, harbor a number of endemic species. This was proven by our study that 65% of the endemic taxa grow in the altitude range of 1700 to 3350 m. Many taxa found at high elevations have been proven to be ployploids, e.g., Artemisia [66], Taraxacum [67,68], Alchemilla [69], Potentilla [70,71], which accords with the general observation that perennial herbs from high elevations in temperate zones are frequently polyploids, which in turn is interpreted as an adaptation to harsh environments [72]. Due to the large size of phytogeographical regions, it is difficult to define the protection status of the endemic taxa they contain.…”
The aim of the present study is to update the checklist of vascular plants endemic to Mongolia using previous checklists, publications, herbarium collections, and field observations. The revised checklist includes 102 endemic taxa (95 species, five subspecies, and two nothospecies) from 43 genera and 19 families. The majority of endemic taxa were distributed in western and central Mongolia, and high endemic species richness was identified in four phytogeographical regions, namely Mongolian Altai, Khangai, Dzungarian Gobi, and Gobi Altai, which harbor 49, 27, 20, and 16 endemic taxa, respectively. For each endemic taxon, we compiled information about growth form, conservation status (if already assessed), phytogeographical distribution, and voucher specimens. Data on each taxon’s type specimen were also collected, and the majority of the type specimens were accessioned at the LE (58 taxa), MW (20 taxa), and UBA (7 taxa) herbaria.
“…As Necker did not name any species, the supposition of Greene was probably based on the fact that it was the first species listed by Linnaeus (1753: 499) under “Foliis ternatis”. Potentilla monspeliensis is now included in P. norvegica L. (Torrey & Gray, 1838–1840; Ertter & al., 2014), which is an allopolyploid with ancestral lineages in the Argentea and Ivesioid clades (Persson & al., 2020b). Horkeliella Rydb.…”
Section: Available Generic Names In Potentillinaementioning
confidence: 99%
“…As far as we know, no one has ever suggested that a set of taxa corresponding to clade E (Fig. 1) should be named Potentilla , but it is a well‐supported clade in every molecular phylogenetic analysis that has been published including a relevant sample of Potentillinae, although not in each gene tree (Persson & al., 2020b). It is included here for completeness, but it would cause more problems than it would solve (if any).…”
Section: What Might Potentilla Be? Seven Scenariosmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The species are almost exclusively polyploid, with very few diploids, and the internal resolution in phylogenetic analyses has so far been very low (Dobeš & Paule, 2010; Töpel & al., 2011). There are indications that this might to a certain extent be caused by hybridisation (Persson & al., 2020b). Since the type of Potentilla is outside of this clade (in the Reptans clade), very few authors have suggested restricting Potentilla to clade G. The classification of Kechaykin & Shmakov (2016) differs in this regard.…”
Section: What Might Potentilla Be? Seven Scenariosmentioning
Classification of Potentilla L. has varied considerably through time. Some authors have collapsed all of the Potentilleae tribe into a single genus, while others have divided it into more than 20 genera. All those classifications, except for the one that collapsed them all, have rendered the genus Potentilla polyphyletic. We discuss Potentilla from a phylogenetic perspective in order to achieve a reasonable classification in which Potentilla is based on a clade (monophyly). Other criteria are taken into account, namely: history, phylogenetic stability, gene flow, information content and ease of identification. All previously described genera in Potentillinae are briefly discussed and assigned to major clades. In order to do this, it was necessary to designate types for: Fraga Lapeyr., Trichothalamus Spreng., and Dactylophyllum Spenn. We discuss seven scenarios, representing the effects of classifying Potentilla at the seven major clades in Potentillinae, and conclude that the most supported and least disruptive is to classify Potentilla as the clade comprising all of Potentillinae excluding the Anserina clade.
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