“…Thanks to its simplicity of implementation, the NVG has been widely employed in a variety of research areas such as, among many others, economy, biomedicine and geophysics (Zou et al 2018). In particular, visibility-based investigations have been carried out in fluid mechanics to study jets and fires (Charakopoulos et al 2014;Murugesan, Zhu & Li 2019;Tokami et al 2020), wall-bounded turbulent flows (Liu, Zhou & Yuan 2010;Iacobello, Scarsoglio & Ridolfi 2018b), passive scalar plumes (Iacobello et al 2018a(Iacobello et al , 2019a and turbulent combustors (Murugesan & Sujith 2015Singh et al 2017).…”