Complex Nanostructures from Materials based on Metal–Organic Frameworks for Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion

Abstract

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have drawn tremendous attention because of their abundant diversity in structure and composition. Recently, there has been growing research interest in deriving advanced nanomaterials with complex architectures and tailored chemical compositions from MOF-based precursors for electrochemical energy storage and conversion. Here, a comprehensive overview of the synthesis and energy-related applications of complex nanostructures derived from MOF-based precursors is provided. After a brief summary of synthetic methods of MOF-based templates and their conversion to desirable nanostructures, delicate designs and preparation of complex architectures from MOFs or their composites are described in detail, including porous structures, single-shelled hollow structures, and multishelled hollow structures, as well as other unusual complex structures. Afterward, their applications are discussed as electrode materials or catalysts for lithium-ion batteries, hybrid supercapacitors, water-splitting devices, and fuel cells. Lastly, the research challenges and possible development directions of complex nanostructures derived from MOF-based-templates for electrochemical energy storage and conversion applications are outlined.

Structural Engineering of Low‐Dimensional Metal–Organic Frameworks: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications

“…[218] On the contrary, the research on LD MOF/MOF composites with sophisticated architectures based on 1D and/or 2D MOF matrix, is still in its infancy. [220,221] Recently, the Fe-MOF NPcoated Ni-MOF nanosheet (Fe-MOF/Ni-MOF composite) was obtained by a stepwise conversion method (Figure 11e). [215] As shown in Figure 11b-d, MIL-88 nanorods are uniformly anchored on ZIF-8 polyhedrons.…”

Electron Tomography: A Unique Tool Solving Intricate Hollow Nanostructures

“…Not limited to hollow nanocubes, there emerged numerous MOFs and MOF-derived nanoparticles exhibiting various morphologies and intricate nanostructures, [94] which may need in-depth characterization of their corresponding architectures. In contrast, when the silica shell is thick enough, the concrete shell can prevent structural deflection, inducing outward contraction process at the rigid interface.…”

Hierarchical Hollow Nanoprisms Based on Ultrathin Ni‐Fe Layered Double Hydroxide Nanosheets with Enhanced Electrocatalytic Activity towards Oxygen Evolution

“…[7,8] Many research efforts have been devoted to developing cost-effective electrocatalysts to replace the state-of-the-art precious-metal-based catalysts. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Among various promising alternatives,oxides/hydroxides containing first-row transition metals (e.g., Mn, Fe,C o, and Ni)h ave attracted tremendous interest owing to their earth abundance and remarkable OER performance. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] In particular,N i-Fel ayered double hydroxides (LDHs) have been reported as apromising class of most effective OER catalysts in alkaline environments (pH [13][14].…”

“…[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Among various promising alternatives,oxides/hydroxides containing first-row transition metals (e.g., Mn, Fe,C o, and Ni)h ave attracted tremendous interest owing to their earth abundance and remarkable OER performance. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] In particular,N i-Fel ayered double hydroxides (LDHs) have been reported as apromising class of most effective OER catalysts in alkaline environments (pH [13][14]. [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] Although thorough investigations are still needed to identify the active sites,t he synergistic interactions between Ni and Fe can indeed dramatically enhance the catalytic activity compared with the individual Ni and Fe components.…”