Complex multicellular functions at a unicellular eukaryote level: Learning, memory, and immunity

Csaba, G.

doi:10.1556/030.64.2017.013

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 105 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Such memory/learning skills can be found in organisms ranging from viruses and akaryotes to unicellular eukaryotes, fungi, animals and plants, although it was only noted as a capability of higher animals until recently ( Csaba, 2017 ; Baluska, Gagliano & Witzany, 2018 ). For example, plants can overwrite the genetic code they inherited from their parents and revert to that of their grandparents or great-grandparents.…”

Section: Cellular Organisms Communicate In Any Coordinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-empowerment of life through RNA networks, cells and viruses

Villarreal

Witzany²

2023

F1000Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Our understanding of the key players in evolution and of the development of all organisms in all domains of life has been aided by current knowledge about RNA stem-loop groups, their proposed interaction motifs in an early RNA world and their regulative roles in all steps and substeps of nearly all cellular processes, such as replication, transcription, translation, repair, immunity and epigenetic marking. Cooperative evolution was enabled by promiscuous interactions between single-stranded regions in the loops of naturally forming stem-loop structures in RNAs. It was also shown that cooperative RNA stem-loops outcompete selfish ones and provide foundational self-constructive groups (ribosome, editosome, spliceosome, etc.). Self-empowerment from abiotic matter to biological behavior does not just occur at the beginning of biological evolution; it is also essential for all levels of socially interacting RNAs, cells and viruses.

show abstract

Section: Cellular Organisms Communicate In Any Coordinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-empowerment of life through RNA networks, cells and viruses

Villarreal

Witzany²

2023

F1000Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This means that the employment of the treating tools of our modern age is very useful for the man individually, saving the personal life; however, it is harmful for the species by not permitting the development of immunity and inheritance of resistance. Although immunity is as old as eukaryotic life [35], changes in its mechanisms can always happen.…”

Section: Immunity and Conveyed Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunity and longevity

Csaba

2018

AMicr

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The role of immune system is to protect the organism from the not built-in program-like alterations inside and against the agents penetrating from outside (bacteria, viruses, and protozoa). These functions were developed and formed during the evolution. Considering these functions, the immune system promotes the lengthening of lifespan and helps longevity. However, some immune functions have been conveyed by men to medical tools (e.g., pharmaceuticals, antibiotics, and prevention), especially in our modern age, which help the struggle against microbes, but evolutionarily weaken the immune system. Aging is a gradual slow attrition by autoimmunity, directed by the thymus and regulated by the central nervous system and pineal gland. Considering this, thymus could be a pacemaker of aging. The remodeling of the immune system, which can be observed in elderly people and centenarians, is probably not a cause of aging, but a consequence of it, which helps to suit immunity to the requirements. Oxidative stress also helps the attrition of the immune cells and antioxidants help to prolong lifespan. There are gender differences in the aging of the immune system as well as in the longevity. There is an advantage for women in both cases. This can be explained by hormonal differences (estrogens positively influences both processes); however, social factors are also not excluded. The endocrine disruptor chemicals act similar to estrogens, like stimulating or suppressing immunity and provoking autoimmunity; however, their role in longevity is controversial. There are some drugs (rapamycin, metformin, and selegiline) and antioxidants (as vitamins C and E) that prolong lifespan and also improve immunity. It is difficult to declare that longevity is exclusively dependent on the state of the immune system; however, there is a parallelism between the state of immune system and lifespan. It seems likely that there is not a real decline of immunity during aging, but there is a remodeling of the system according to the claims of senescence. This is manifested in the remaining (sometimes stronger) function of memory cells in contrast to the production and number of the new antigen-reactive naive T-cells.

show abstract

“…This can be expressed by the faulty hormonal imprinting [81], in which the extremely sensitive hormone receptors [82] are touched or the late hormone production, both strongly influenced people's innate and adaptive immunity, as well as the hormone synthesis by immune cells [83]. As hormesis and hormonal imprinting are epigenetic processes alike [84,85], the alterations are inherited to the progenies of cells and progenies of the individuum. A faulty perinatal hormonal imprinting can be deteriorating; however, it can also be beneficial, considering hormesis [86].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormesis and immunity: A review

Csaba

2018

AMicr

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The hormesis concept demonstrates that in contrast to the toxic effect of high doses of materials, irradiation, etc., low doses of them are beneficial and, in addition, help to eliminate (prevent) the deleterious effect of high doses given after it. By this effect, it is an important factor of (human) evolution protecting man from harmful impacts, similarly to the role of immunity. However, immunity is also continuously influenced by hormetic effects of environmental [chemical (pollutions), physical (background irradiations and heat), etc.] and medical (drugs and therapeutic irradiations) and food interactions. In contrast to earlier beliefs, the no-threshold irradiation dogma is not valid in low-dose domains and here the hormesis concept is valid. Low-dose therapeutic irradiation, as well as background irradiations (by radon spas or moderately far from the epicenter of atomic bomb or nuclear facilities), is rather beneficial than destructive and the fear from them seems to be unreasonable from immunological point of view. Practically, all immune parameters are beneficially influenced by all forms of low-dose radiations.

show abstract

Complex multicellular functions at a unicellular eukaryote level: Learning, memory, and immunity

Cited by 4 publications

References 105 publications

Self-empowerment of life through RNA networks, cells and viruses

Self-empowerment of life through RNA networks, cells and viruses

Immunity and longevity

Hormesis and immunity: A review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About