Complex mtDNA constitutes an approximate 620-kb insertion on
            <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>
            chromosome 2: Implication of potential sequencing errors caused by large-unit repeats

Stupar, Robert M.; Lilly, Jason W.; Town, Christopher D.; Cheng, Zhukuan; Kaul, Samir; Buell, C. Robin; Jiang, Jiming

doi:10.1073/pnas.091110398

Cited by 196 publications

(157 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The Arabidopsis nuclear genome contains nearly complete copies of the mitochondrial genome on chromosome 2 [41], and it has been possible to observe chloroplast-to-nucleus DNA transfers in current experiments (reviewed in [42]). These observations imply that direct organelle-to-nucleus DNA transfer is ongoing.…”

Section: Box 1 the Nature Of Organellar Dna Transfers To The Nucleusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant organellar protein targeting: a traffic plan still under construction

Mackenzie

2005

Trends in Cell Biology

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It has long been understood that specific features of a protein and its corresponding import apparatus dictate the behavior of mitochondrial proteins in their intracellular targeting behavior. In plants, the process by which proteins are directed to organelles has been influenced uniquely by the introduction to the cell of plastids. Parallel functions carried out within the mitochondrion and plastid permit the sharing of proteins and emergence of mechanisms to facilitate dual-targeting of the nuclear-encoded products to both compartments. These include transcriptional and translational variations, relaxation of translation initiation controls and conditional cellular influences. Details of the dual targeting system are emerging from recent studies, and evidence of variation in protein targeting behavior across plant families and across organisms implies that the system itself is in flux. This trend towards multi-targeting enhances protein versatility across eukaryotes -one means of cellular response to developmental or environmental influence.

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Section: Box 1 the Nature Of Organellar Dna Transfers To The Nucleusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant organellar protein targeting: a traffic plan still under construction

Mackenzie

2005

Trends in Cell Biology

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“…Approximately 250 proteins encoded in the nuclear (nu) genome are needed just to maintain and express the few remaining mitochondrial genes (7). Mitochondrial sequences are frequently copied to the nuclear genomes (8)(9)(10), confirming that mechanisms for the transfer of mitochondrial genes to the nuclear genome are in place. A major, unresolved question in evolutionary biology is why not all mitochondrial genes have been transferred to the nuclear genome, and thus why the mitochondrial genome has been retained.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

Mitochondrial genomes are retained by selective constraints on protein targeting

Björkholm

Harish

Hagström

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Mitochondria are energy-producing organelles in eukaryotic cells considered to be of bacterial origin. The mitochondrial genome has evolved under selection for minimization of gene content, yet it is not known why not all mitochondrial genes have been transferred to the nuclear genome. Here, we predict that hydrophobic membrane proteins encoded by the mitochondrial genomes would be recognized by the signal recognition particle and targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum if they were nuclear-encoded and translated in the cytoplasm. Expression of the mitochondrially encoded proteins Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1, Apocytochrome b, and ATP synthase subunit 6 in the cytoplasm of HeLa cells confirms export to the endoplasmic reticulum. To examine the extent to which the mitochondrial proteome is driven by selective constraints within the eukaryotic cell, we investigated the occurrence of mitochondrial protein domains in bacteria and eukaryotes. The accessory protein domains of the oxidative phosphorylation system are unique to mitochondria, indicating the evolution of new protein folds. Most of the identified domains in the accessory proteins of the ribosome are also found in eukaryotic proteins of other functions and locations. Overall, one-third of the protein domains identified in mitochondrial proteins are only rarely found in bacteria. We conclude that the mitochondrial genome has been maintained to ensure the correct localization of highly hydrophobic membrane proteins. Taken together, the results suggest that selective constraints on the eukaryotic cell have played a major role in modulating the evolution of the mitochondrial genome and proteome. mitochondria | protein domain | evolution | endoplasmatic reticulum | signal recognition particle

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“…In Arabidopsis thaliana, an insertion of 270-kb mtDNA was found in the pericentromeric region on the short arm of chromosome 2 (Lin et al 1999). DNA fiber-based FISH analyses revealed that the mtDNA insert is 620 kb, 2.3 times greater than that determined by contig assembly and sequencing analysis (Stupar et al 2001). This may be due to duplication of mitochondrial sequences.…”

Section: Satellite Dnas Are a Major Component Of Cucumis Centromeresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular cytogenetic mapping of Cucumis sativus and C. melo using highly repetitive DNA sequences

et al. 2010

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Chromosomes often serve as one of the most important molecular aspects of studying the evolution of species. Indeed, most of the crucial mutations that led to differentiation of species during the evolution have occurred at the chromosomal level. Furthermore, the analysis of pachytene chromosomes appears to be an invaluable tool for the study of evolution due to its effectiveness in chromosome identification and precise physical gene mapping. By applying fluorescence in situ hybridization of 45S rDNA and CsCent1 probes to cucumber pachytene chromosomes, here, we demonstrate that cucumber chromosomes 1 and 2 may have evolved from fusions of ancestral karyotype with chromosome number n= 12. This conclusion is further supported by the centromeric sequence similarity between cucumber and melon, which suggests that these sequences evolved from a common ancestor. It may be after or during speciation that these sequences were specifically amplified, after which they diverged and specific sequence variants were homogenized. Additionally, a structural change on the centromeric region of

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Complex mtDNA constitutes an approximate 620-kb insertion on Arabidopsis thaliana chromosome 2: Implication of potential sequencing errors caused by large-unit repeats

Cited by 196 publications

References 35 publications

Plant organellar protein targeting: a traffic plan still under construction

Plant organellar protein targeting: a traffic plan still under construction

Mitochondrial genomes are retained by selective constraints on protein targeting

Molecular cytogenetic mapping of Cucumis sativus and C. melo using highly repetitive DNA sequences

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