“…The V(C, N) precipitates were fcc in structure where the lattice sites and octahedral interstitial sites (O-sites) were occupied with V atoms, and C and N atoms, respectively. In addition, from Figure 7(f) based on calibration using SAED, the lattice parameter a = 4.011 ± 0.02 nm, it was further confirmed that the precipitated phase was V(C,N) [49–51]. Figure 7. TEM micromorphology analysis of test steel after annealing: (a, b, c, d) Morphology and location of V(C, N) precipitates; (e) EDS spectrum and (f) Electron diffraction pattern.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 58%
“…The V(C, N) precipitates were fcc in structure where the lattice sites and octahedral interstitial sites (O-sites) were occupied with V atoms, and C and N atoms, respectively. In addition, from Figure 7(f) based on calibration using SAED, the lattice parameter a = 4.011 ± 0.02 nm, it was further confirmed that the precipitated phase was V(C,N) [49][50][51].…”
Section: Analysis Of the Precipitated Phase And Grain Orientation In ...mentioning
Controlled rolling and controlled cooling processes achieve high-strength alloys due to their combined effects on the grain refinement, dispersion, and phase transformations. This paper studies the dissolution of V in austenite by normalizing treatments. The samples were then annealed to form uniform, fine, and dispersed V-based precipitates which in turn facilitated subsequent phase transitions in the steel. The results showed that V fully dissolved into austenite when the steel was treated. Besides, when the steel was annealed, V precipitated in the form of V (C, N), and the V(C, N) precipitates promoted the formation of ferrite. At the same time, fine pearlite phases also formed, and the V(C, N) precipitates were distributed among the pearlite lamellae. The uniformly dispersed V(C, N) precipitates further regulated the microphase organization, refined the grains, and acted as the microalloying element, making the steel more uniform, and improving the mechanical properties of the steel.
“…The V(C, N) precipitates were fcc in structure where the lattice sites and octahedral interstitial sites (O-sites) were occupied with V atoms, and C and N atoms, respectively. In addition, from Figure 7(f) based on calibration using SAED, the lattice parameter a = 4.011 ± 0.02 nm, it was further confirmed that the precipitated phase was V(C,N) [49–51]. Figure 7. TEM micromorphology analysis of test steel after annealing: (a, b, c, d) Morphology and location of V(C, N) precipitates; (e) EDS spectrum and (f) Electron diffraction pattern.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 58%
“…The V(C, N) precipitates were fcc in structure where the lattice sites and octahedral interstitial sites (O-sites) were occupied with V atoms, and C and N atoms, respectively. In addition, from Figure 7(f) based on calibration using SAED, the lattice parameter a = 4.011 ± 0.02 nm, it was further confirmed that the precipitated phase was V(C,N) [49][50][51].…”
Section: Analysis Of the Precipitated Phase And Grain Orientation In ...mentioning
Controlled rolling and controlled cooling processes achieve high-strength alloys due to their combined effects on the grain refinement, dispersion, and phase transformations. This paper studies the dissolution of V in austenite by normalizing treatments. The samples were then annealed to form uniform, fine, and dispersed V-based precipitates which in turn facilitated subsequent phase transitions in the steel. The results showed that V fully dissolved into austenite when the steel was treated. Besides, when the steel was annealed, V precipitated in the form of V (C, N), and the V(C, N) precipitates promoted the formation of ferrite. At the same time, fine pearlite phases also formed, and the V(C, N) precipitates were distributed among the pearlite lamellae. The uniformly dispersed V(C, N) precipitates further regulated the microphase organization, refined the grains, and acted as the microalloying element, making the steel more uniform, and improving the mechanical properties of the steel.
“…The solubility of carbide and nitride-forming elements in austenite is dependent on temperature [35]. During the cooling process, the supersaturation of solute elements increases with the decrease in temperature.…”
Section: Solid Solution and Volume Fraction Of The Precipitated Parti...mentioning
Nb-Ti high-strength low-alloy pipeline steel was subjected to a six-pass rolling process followed by the coiling process at different temperatures between 600 and 650 °C using the thermo-mechanical testing system Gleeble 3500 (Gleeble, New York, NY, USA). This experimental steel was subjected to 72% heavy reduction through a thermos-mechanical controlled process. Thereafter, the microstructures were observed using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, electron backscatter scanning diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectrometry and selected area electron diffraction. For the selected three coiling temperatures of 600, 625, and 650 °C, acicular ferrite, polygonal ferrite, and pearlite were observed, and morphology and statistical analysis were adopted for the study of precipitates. Based on the estimation by the Ashby–Orowan formula, the incremental strength through precipitation strengthening decreases with coiling temperatures and reaches 26.67 Mpa at a coiling temperature of 600 °C. Precipitation-time-temperature curves were obtained to explain the transformation of precipitates. The (Nb, Ti)(C, N) particles tended to precipitate in the acicular ferrite with [011](Nb, Ti)(C, N)//[011]α-Fe orientation. The lower coiling temperature provided enough driving force for the nucleation of precipitates while inhibiting their growth.
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