Complex dynamics of small-moderate volcanic events: the example of the 2011 rhyolitic Cordón Caulle eruption, Chile

Pistolesi, Marco; Cioni, Raffaello; Bonadonna, Costanza; Elissondo, Manuela; Baumann, Valérie; Bertagnini, A.; Chiari, Laura; Gonzales, Rafael; Rosi, Mauro; Francalanci, L.

doi:10.1007/s00445-014-0898-3

Cited by 99 publications

(168 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…Beginning of impact shows the starting date, and the duration of impact indicates the approximate number of days, weeks and months as reported in the media. Deposit thickness is observed from Pistolesi et al (2015); mean grain size is from Bonadonna et al (2015b). Towns/areas are indicated in Figs Besides the thickness, grain-size is also a very important factor affecting the type of impact.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, we applied the analytical model TEPHRA2 (Bonadonna et al, 2005) coupled with probabilistic approaches developed to model long-lasting eruptions (Bonadonna, 2006;Biass et al, 2014). We focus only on the most vigorous initial phase (layer A-F, 4-5 June 2011; Pistolesi et al, 2015), characterized by plume heights of 11-14 km a.s.l. over a duration of 24-30 h. Eruption source parameters (ESPs) were identified from Pistolesi et al (2015) and Bonadonna et al (2015a, b) and were varied within a certain range to account for uncertainties and intrinsic variability of the system (Table 8).…”

Section: Perspective On the Occurrence Of A Potential New Similar Erumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We focus only on the most vigorous initial phase (layer A-F, 4-5 June 2011; Pistolesi et al, 2015), characterized by plume heights of 11-14 km a.s.l. over a duration of 24-30 h. Eruption source parameters (ESPs) were identified from Pistolesi et al (2015) and Bonadonna et al (2015a, b) and were varied within a certain range to account for uncertainties and intrinsic variability of the system (Table 8). Atmospheric conditions were obtained from the NOAA NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis database (Kalnay et al, 1996) for the period 2000-2015, providing four daily wind profiles.…”

Section: Perspective On the Occurrence Of A Potential New Similar Erumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Probabilities > 60 % of reach- Table 8. Eruption source parameters used for the modeling with TEPHRA2 as derived from observations and inversions of field data (Pistolesi et al, 2015;Bonadonna et al, 2015a, b ing 10 kg m −2 are shown only for the Chilean area and are < 60 % for the Argentinean area (Fig. 8a, b).…”

Section: Perspective On the Occurrence Of A Potential New Similar Erumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this paper we study the local impact of the 2011 eruption of Cordón Caulle volcano (Chile) that dispersed a large volume of rhyolitic tephra over Chile and Argentina during 9 months, reaching as far as the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans (e.g. Collini et al, 2012;Pistolesi et al, 2015;Bonadonna et al, 2015a, b;Wilson et al, 2013). In particular, we report and discuss the effects of this well-studied eruption on the population, infrastructures and the environment to better constrain the relationship between natural phenomena and society response, which is a necessary first step to improve preparedness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chronology and impact of the 2011 Cordón Caulle eruption, Chile

Elissondo

Baumann

Bonadonna

et al. 2016

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. We present a detailed chronological reconstruction of the 2011 eruption of the Cordón Caulle volcano (Chile) based on information derived from newspapers, scientific reports and satellite images. Chronology of associated volcanic processes and their local and regional effects (i.e. precursory activity, tephra fallout, lahars, pyroclastic density currents, lava flows) are also presented. The eruption had a severe impact on the ecosystem and on various economic sectors, including aviation, tourism, agriculture and fishing industry. Urban areas and critical infrastructures, such as airports, hospitals and roads, were also impacted. The concentration of PM 10 (particulate matter ≤ 10 µm) was measured during and after the eruption, showing that maximum safety threshold levels of daily and annual exposures were surpassed in several occasions. Probabilistic analyses suggest that this combination of atmospheric and eruptive conditions has a probability of occurrence of about 1 %. The management of the crisis, including evacuation of people, is discussed, as well as the comparison with the impact associated with other recent eruptions located in similar areas and having similar characteristics (i.e. Quizapu, Hudson and Chaitén volcanoes). This comparison shows that the regions downwind and very close to the erupting volcanoes suffered very similar problems, without a clear relation to the intensity of the eruption (e.g. health problems, damage to vegetation, death of animals, roof collapse, air traffic disruptions, road closure, lahars and flooding). This suggests that a detailed collection of impact data can be largely beneficial for the development of plans for the management of an eruptive crisis and the mitigation of associated risk of the Andean region.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Perspective On the Occurrence Of A Potential New Similar Erumentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Perspective On the Occurrence Of A Potential New Similar Erumentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Perspective On the Occurrence Of A Potential New Similar Erumentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chronology and impact of the 2011 Cordón Caulle eruption, Chile

Elissondo

Baumann

Bonadonna

et al. 2016

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Dynamics of wind‐affected volcanic plumes: The example of the 2011 Cordón Caulle eruption, Chile

et al. 2015

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The 2011 Cordón Caulle eruption represents an ideal case study for the characterization of long-lasting plumes that are strongly affected by wind. The climactic phase lasted for about 1 day and was classified as subplinian with plumes between~9 and 12 km above the vent and mass flow rate (MFR) on the order of~10 7 kg s À1. Eruption intensity fluctuated during the first 11 days with MFR values between 10 6 and 10 7 kg s À1. This activity was followed by several months of low-intensity plumes with MFR < 10 6 kg s À1 .Plume dynamics and rise were strongly affected by wind during the whole eruption with negligible upwind spreading and sedimentation. The plumes that developed on 4-6 and 20-22 June can be described as transitional, i.e., plumes showing transitional behavior between strong and weak dynamics, while the wind clearly dominated the rise height on all the other days resulting in the formation of weak plumes. Individual phases of the eruption range between Volcanic Explosivity Indices (VEIs) 3 and 4, while the cumulative deposit related to 4-7 June 2011 is associated with VEIs 4 and 5. Crosswind cloud and deposit dispersal of the first few days are best described by a linear combination of gravitational spreading and turbulent diffusion, with velocities between 1 and 10 m s À1. Downwind cloud velocity for the same days is best described by a linear combination of gravitational spreading and wind advection, with velocities between 17 and 45 m s À1. Results show how gravitational spreading can be significant even for subplinian and small-moderate eruptions strongly advected by wind and with low Richardson number and low MFR.

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Sensitivity of dispersion model forecasts of volcanic ash clouds to the physical characteristics of the particles

et al. 2015

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This study examines the sensitivity of atmospheric dispersion model forecasts of volcanic ash clouds to the physical characteristics assigned to the particles. We show that the particle size distribution (PSD) used to initialise a dispersion model has a significant impact on the forecast of the mass loading of the ash particles in the atmosphere. This is because the modeled fall velocity of the particles is sensitive to the particle diameter. Forecasts of the long-range transport of the ash cloud consider particles with diameters between 0.1 μm and 100 μm. The fall velocity of particles with diameter 100 μm is over 5 orders of magnitude greater than a particle with diameter 0.1 μm, and 30 μm particles fall 88% slower and travel up to 5× further than a 100 μm particle. Identifying the PSD of the ash cloud at the source, which is required to initialise a model, is difficult. Further, aggregation processes are currently not explicitly modeled in operational dispersion models due to the high computational costs associated with aggregation schemes. We show that using a modified total grain size distribution (TGSD) that effectively accounts for aggregation processes improves the modeled PSD of the ash cloud and deposits from the eruption of Eyjafjallajökull in 2010. Knowledge of the TGSD of an eruption is therefore critical for reducing uncertainty in quantitative forecasts of ash cloud dispersion. The density and shape assigned to the model particles have a lesser but still significant impact on the calculated fall velocity. Accounting for the density distribution and sphericity of ash from the eruption of Eyjafjallajökull in 2010, modeled particles can travel up to 84% further than particles with default particle characteristics that assume the particles are spherical and have a fixed density.

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Complex dynamics of small-moderate volcanic events: the example of the 2011 rhyolitic Cordón Caulle eruption, Chile

Cited by 99 publications

References 41 publications

Chronology and impact of the 2011 Cordón Caulle eruption, Chile

Chronology and impact of the 2011 Cordón Caulle eruption, Chile

Dynamics of wind‐affected volcanic plumes: The example of the 2011 Cordón Caulle eruption, Chile

Sensitivity of dispersion model forecasts of volcanic ash clouds to the physical characteristics of the particles

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