Completeness of Reporting for Paralytic Poliomyelitis, United States, 1980 Through 1991

Prevots, D. Rebecca

doi:10.1001/archpedi.1994.02170050037007

Cited by 82 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…There is a low but constant risk of vaccine-assisted paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) with the use of OPV. The overall incidence of VAPP in the United States was found to be one case per 2.4 million doses distributed; for immunocompetent children receiving their first dose of OPV, the incidence was estimated at one case per 750,000 doses (28,35). VAPP is most frequently associated with type 2 and 3 vaccine strains and rarely with type 1 vaccine strains (2,24,35).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Genetic Exchanges between Vaccine and Wild Poliovirus Strains in Humans

Guillot

Caro

Cuervo

et al. 2000

J Virol

181

165

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In a previous study of poliovirus vaccine-derived strains isolated from patients with vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) (9, 11), we reported that a high proportion (over 50%) of viruses had a recombinant genome. Most were intertypic vaccine/vaccine recombinants. However, some had restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) profiles different from those of poliovirus vaccine strains. We demonstrate here that five such recombinants, of 88 VAPP strains examined, carried sequences of wild (nonvaccine) origin. To identify the parental wild donor of these sequences, we used RFLP profiles and nucleotide sequencing to look for similarity in the 3D polymerase-coding region of 61 wild, cocirculating poliovirus isolates (43 type 1, 16 type 2, and 2 type 3 isolates). In only one case was the donor identified, and it was a wild type 1 poliovirus. For the other four vaccine/wild recombinants, the wild parent could not be identified. The possibility that the wild sequences were of a non-poliovirus-enterovirus origin could not be excluded. Another vaccine/wild recombinant, isolated in Belarus from a VAPP case, indicated that the poliovirus vaccine/wild recombination is not an isolated phenomenon. We also found wild polioviruses (2 of 15) carrying vaccine-derived sequences in the 3 moiety of their genome. All these results suggest that genetic exchanges with wild poliovirus and perhaps with nonpoliovirus enteroviruses, are also a natural means of evolution for poliovirus vaccine strains.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Genetic Exchanges between Vaccine and Wild Poliovirus Strains in Humans

Guillot

Caro

Cuervo

et al. 2000

J Virol

181

165

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“…Daten, die auf der Grundlage der Entschädigungen nach Impfkomplikationen erhoben werden, sind für die Bewertung der Kausalitäten von Impfkomplikationen sowie zur epidemiologischen Nutzung für die Berechnung von Inzidenzen und Prävalenzen deshalb nur begrenzt nutzbar und müssen besonders vorsichtig interpretiert werden [18,19] …”

Section: Bundesgesundheitsblgesundheitsforsch -Gesundheitsschutz 2002unclassified

“…Zusätzlich sind epidemiologische Daten zum Zähler (z. B.Anzahl der verimpften Dosen,Anzahl der geimpften Personen) unabdingbar, um Aussagen über die Inzidenz und Prävalenz von Impfkomplikationen treffen und diese national und international vergleichen und bewerten zu können. Daten aus Programmen zur Entschädigung von Impfkomplikationen können dazu dienen, die Plausibilität anderer bestehender passiver Surveillancesysteme zu überprüfen und diese gegebenenfalls nach Durchfüh-rung einer Capture-Recapture-Analyse zu ergänzen [19].…”

Section: Bewertung Und Ausblickunclassified

Anerkannte Impfschäden in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1990–1999

Meyer

Rasch

Keller‐Stanislawski

2002

Bundesgesundheitsbl - Gesundheitsforsch - Gesundheitsschutz

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“…For subsequent doses, the risk is substantially lower for both recipients and contacts (Table). 15 For immunodeficient persons, the risk is 3200-to 6800-fold higher than that in immunologically healthy OPV recipients. 16 Of the 125 cases of VAPP reported from 1980 to 1994, 49 (39%) occurred in otherwise healthy recipients, 78% of which were associated with the first dose, and 93% occurred in the first year of life.…”

Section: Vappmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poliomyelitis Prevention: Recommendations for Use of Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine and Live Oral Poliovirus Vaccine

1997

Pediatrics

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ABSTRACT. A change in the recommendations for routine immunization of children is indicated because of the reduced risk of exposure to wild-type polio viruses and the continued occurrence of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis after oral polio vaccine (OPV). All children should receive four doses of vaccine before the child enters school. Regimens of sequential inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) and OPV, IPV only, or OPV only are acceptable. Each regimen has advantages and disadvantages. In special circumstances, one of the regimens is preferred or recommended. Because logistical problems with the current childhood immunization schedule may make these new recommendations difficult to implement immediately, their adoption likely will be gradual. Nevertheless, assuming continued progress toward global eradication and the development of new combination products, the routine use of an IPV-only regimen is likely to become desirable and feasible in future years. VACCINE EFFECTIVENESSSince the introduction of poliovirus vaccines in the 1950s and early 1960s, their effectiveness in the prevention of poliomyelitis has been amply demonstrated. The last reported case in the United States of indigenously acquired poliomyelitis caused by wild poliovirus was in 1979.1 No cases have occurred in the western hemisphere since August 1991.2 These and other findings from national surveillance in countries of the Americas led to the certification in 1994 by an international commission that wild-type poliovirus transmission has been interrupted in this hemisphere, thus achieving a goal established by the Pan American Health Organization in 1985.3 Concurrently, the global poliomyelitis eradication initiative of the World Health Organization (WHO) has resulted in a more than 80% reduction in the incidence of reported poliomyelitis cases worldwide since 1988 and demonstrated that the goal of global eradication is achievable. 4,5 These successes are attributable primarily to the widespread use of oral polio vaccine (OPV), which is the vaccine recommended by the WHO. Continued progress in poliomyelitis elimination clearly necessitates the use of OPV in those countries in which wild poliovirus remains or recently has been endemic. In the United States, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has strongly reaffirmed its support of the eradication program and the use of OPV for this purpose. 6In the United States, the evolving national and international epidemiology of poliomyelitis in the past two decades has prompted reexamination of current vaccination recommendations for the routine use of OPV. Earlier reevaluation by the Institute of Medicine in 1977 and again in 1988 had reaffirmed the use of OPV for national poliomyelitis control at those times. 7,8 Since 1979, however, nearly all cases of paralytic poliomyelitis in the United States have been vaccine associated.Between 1980 and 1994, a total of 125 cases of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) we...

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Completeness of Reporting for Paralytic Poliomyelitis, United States, 1980 Through 1991

Cited by 82 publications

References 11 publications

Natural Genetic Exchanges between Vaccine and Wild Poliovirus Strains in Humans

Natural Genetic Exchanges between Vaccine and Wild Poliovirus Strains in Humans

Anerkannte Impfschäden in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1990–1999

Poliomyelitis Prevention: Recommendations for Use of Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine and Live Oral Poliovirus Vaccine

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