A questionnaire survey of all active population based cancer registries in sub-Saharan Africa obtained information on their characteristics (size, staffing, funding), methods of working, the nature of any links between registries and their respective Health Authorities (national and/or local), and the use of their data in research or cancer control planning. 23/25 registries (92%) responded. Sources of direct funding and estimated amounts from each source were established, and suggest that it is approximately US$8-9 per case registered. Almost half of the funding is used for routine data collection, processing and analysis. Staffing levels vary, partly as a function of the registry size (approximately one FTE per 300 cases registered). Most data collection is active, using multiple sources (median 10 per registry), and is largely paper-based (abstraction onto paper forms), although all use the computer system CanRegV C for data entry, storage and analysis. Most reporting by the registries is remarkably timely, and in general, their results are widely used by health authorities and other stakeholders in planning and evaluating services, while research output is much more variable. These registries are the source of almost all the existing information on cancer incidence and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa, as published in IARC's "Globocan".Cancer is an increasing problem in Africa because of the aging and growth of the population, as well as increased prevalence of risk factors associated with economic transition (including smoking, alcohol, obesity, physical inactivity and reproductive behaviors), and of certain infectious agents of importance in cancer aetiology. Effective planning and evaluation of control measures (prevention, early detection, treatment and care) require reliable and timely data. In low and middle income countries, such data derive principally from the meticulous, step by step cancer registration operations performed by cancer registries.1 In various documents, it has been said that cancer registries cover only 1% of the African population, 2 but this figure refers to those registries appearing in the IARC publication "Cancer Incidence in Five Continents (CI5)". Although it is true that very few African registries have in the past met the high standards of completeness and validity required for comparative studies of cancer incidence (the prime function of "CI5"), there are several functioning registries capable of providing data that can be used for making national estimates of incidence, mortality