“Completely Free”: How a Subsumption of Labour and Nature Framework Explains the Surprising Expressions of “Freedom” by Immigrant Worm pickers in Ontario
Joshua Steckley
Abstract:Canadian nightcrawler (Lumbricus terrestris) worms, the most popular live bait for recreational freshwater anglers, are hand‐picked from Ontario dairy farmers’ fields by an immigrant labour force working in the middle of the night with limited equipment. Though no picker enjoys the arduous activity of picking worms, they do express feelings of “freedom” and “autonomy” in the job. Such expressions are surprising coming from mostly non‐English‐speaking immigrants, labouring with bent backs under dreary condition… Show more
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