Complete sequencing of an IncX3 plasmid carrying blaNDM-5 allele reveals an early stage in the dissemination of the blaNDM gene

g Enterobacteriaceae with bla NDM-7 are relatively uncommon and had previously been described in Europe, India, the United States, and Japan. This study describes the characteristics of Enterobacteriaceae (Klebsiella pneumoniae Epidemiological and molecular studies are required to better understand the dynamics of transmission, the risk factors, and the reservoirs for bacteria harboring bla NDM-7 . To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of S. marcescens and E. hormaechei with bla NDM-7 .

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Characterization by Using Next-Generation Sequencing of Plasmids Containing bla _NDM-7 in Enterobacteriaceae from Calgary, Canada

Chen

Peirano

Lynch

et al. 2016

“…The NDM-5-encoding gene bla was first identified in an Escherichia coli strain recovered from a patient in the United Kingdom in 2011 (3). Since then, bla was identified in many countries, such as Algeria (4)(5)(6), the United States (7), Australia (8), China (9)(10)(11)(12), Denmark (13), Japan (14), India (15), and the United Kingdom (3). The widespread occurrence of NDM-5 in recent years should arouse our attention.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Various Sequence Types of Escherichia coli Isolates Coharboring bla _NDM-5 and mcr-1 Genes from a Commercial Swine Farm in China

Kong

Lei

et al. 2017

Sixteen different sequence types (STs) of Escherichia coli isolates from a commercial swine farm in China were confirmed to coharbor the carbapenem resistance gene bla and the colistin resistance gene mcr-1. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that bla NDM-5 and mcr-1 were located on a 46-kb IncX3 plasmid and a 32-kb IncX4 plasmid, respectively. The two plasmids can transfer together with a low fitness cost, which might explain the presence of various STs of E. coli coharboring bla NDM-5 and mcr-1.KEYWORDS Escherichia coli, carbapenems, bla NDM-5 , colistin, mcr-1, fitness cost C arbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae has become a major public health threat around the world (1). The recently identified carbapenemase New Delhi metallo-␤-lactamase confers resistance to all ␤-lactam antimicrobials except monobactam (2). The NDM-5-encoding gene bla NDM-5 was first identified in an Escherichia coli strain recovered from a patient in the United Kingdom in 2011 (3). Since then, bla was identified in many countries, such as Algeria (4-6), the United States (7), Australia (8), China (9-12), Denmark (13), Japan (14), India (15), and the United Kingdom (3). The widespread occurrence of NDM-5 in recent years should arouse our attention. Colistin is a critically important medication for humans in the treatment of carbapenemaseproducing Enterobacteriaceae, and it has been widely used in veterinary medicine in China (16,17). The first plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene, mcr-1, was reported in E. coli in 2015 (18). In a short period, colistin-resistant E. coli carrying the mcr-1 gene were reported worldwide (19,20). Recently, mcr-1 was reported to coexist with bla NDM (21-23) and bla CTX-M (24), which brought great challenges for the treatment of bacterial infection. In the present study, we are the first to report the presence of isolates of various sequence types of E. coli coharboring bla NDM-5 and mcr-1 genes from a commercial pig farm in China.A total of 105 anal swabs samples from swine were collected from a commercial pig farm on 1 October 2015 in Sichuan province. E. coli strains were selected by eosinmethylene blue agar, and only 1 isolate was picked up from each sample. All 105 isolates were identified by BD Phoenix 100 diagnostic systems (Sparks, MD). Sixty-four strains were nonsusceptible to imipenem and polymyxin B, identified by the agar dilution method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines (25). Isolates were divided into 16 different clones by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis after XbaI digestion according to the standard PulseNet conditions (26) (Fig. 1). Phy-

“…Moreover, the genetic environment (IS5-ΔISAba125-bla NDM-1 -ble MBL -trpF-cutA-groES-groEL) of the bla NDM-1 gene was identical to that found in various bla NDM-1 -carrying plasmids in Enterobacteriaceae in China. As one major type of IncX plasmids, IncX3, containing different bla NDM alleles, including bla NDM-1 , bla NDM-4 , bla , and bla NDM-7 , has been reported in different geographic regions and in different species, highlighting the role played by plasmids of this replicon type in the global dissemination of NDM-type carbapenemases (17)(18)(19).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

First Report of Klebsiella oxytoca Strain Simultaneously Producing NDM-1, IMP-4, and KPC-2 Carbapenemases

Wang

Yuan

Chen

et al. 2017

The nucleotide sequences of five plasmids from one Klebsiella oxytoca isolate were determined using the PacBio RS II system. Plasmid analysis revealed that bla NDM-1 was carried on an IncX3 plasmid. The bla IMP-4 and bla KPC-2 genes were located on IncN and IncP-6 plasmids, respectively. Comparative sequence analysis highlighted the successful spread of carbapenemase-harboring plasmids among different enterobacterial species. We report for the first time, to our knowledge, coproducing NDM-1, KPC-2, and IMP-4 carbapenemases on a K. oxytoca isolate.