Complete Sequence of the Mitochondrial DNA of the Chlorophyte Alga Prototheca wickerhamii

Wolff, Gabriele; Plante, Isabelle; Bf, Lang; Kück, U.; Burger, Gertraud

doi:10.1006/jmbi.1994.1210

Cited by 157 publications

(93 citation statements)

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“…The remaining sequence was homologous with the C-terminal half of many COX II proteins. The highest similarity was with COX II from the alga Prototheca wickerhamii (29). Altogether, these data suggested that the cox2 gene had been split into two genes in Polytomella sp.…”

Section: Subunit II Is Present In the Cytochrome C Oxidasementioning

confidence: 80%

Subunit II of Cytochrome c Oxidase in Chlamydomonad Algae Is a Heterodimer Encoded by Two Independent Nuclear Genes

Pérez-Martı́nez

Antaramián

Vázquez-Acevedo

et al. 2001

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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The mitochondrial genomes of Chlamydomonad algae lack the cox2 gene that encodes the essential subunit COX II of cytochrome c oxidase. COX II is normally a single polypeptide encoded by a single mitochondrial gene. In this work we cloned two nuclear genes encoding COX II from both Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Polytomella sp. The cox2a gene encodes a protein, COX IIA, corresponding to the N-terminal portion of subunit II of cytochrome c oxidase, and the cox2b gene encodes COX IIB, corresponding to the C-terminal region. The cox2a and cox2b genes are located in the nucleus and are independently transcribed into mRNAs that are translated into separate polypeptides. These two proteins assemble with other cytochrome c oxidase subunits in the inner mitochondrial membrane to form the mature multi-subunit complex. We propose that during the evolution of the Chlorophyte algae, the cox2 gene was divided into two mitochondrial genes that were subsequently transferred to the nucleus. This event was evolutionarily distinct from the transfer of an intact cox2 gene to the nucleus in some members the Leguminosae plant family.

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Section: Subunit II Is Present In the Cytochrome C Oxidasementioning

confidence: 80%

Subunit II of Cytochrome c Oxidase in Chlamydomonad Algae Is a Heterodimer Encoded by Two Independent Nuclear Genes

Pérez-Martı́nez

Antaramián

Vázquez-Acevedo

et al. 2001

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…Of all green plant mtDNAs sequenced to date, only that of the chlorophyte Prototheca wickerhamii specifies a tRNA species [tRNA Thr (ugu)] that can read these codons (Wolff et al, 1994). The absence of trnL (caa), trnS (acu), and trnR (ucg) from Chara mtDNA does not affect the decoding of the codons UUG, AGU, and CGR, because the products of trnL (uaa), trnS (gcu), and trnR (acg) also recognize them.…”

Section: Coding Sequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mitochondrial Genome of Chara vulgaris: Insights into the Mitochondrial DNA Architecture of the Last Common Ancestor of Green Algae and Land Plants[W]

2003

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Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has undergone radical changes during the evolution of green plants, yet little is known about the dynamics of mtDNA evolution in this phylum. Land plant mtDNAs differ from the few green algal mtDNAs that have been analyzed to date by their expanded size, long spacers, and diversity of introns. We have determined the mtDNA sequence of Chara vulgaris (Charophyceae), a green alga belonging to the charophycean order (Charales) that is thought to be the most closely related alga to land plants. This 67,737-bp mtDNA sequence, displaying 68 conserved genes and 27 introns, was compared with those of three angiosperms, the bryophyte Marchantia polymorpha , the charophycean alga Chaetosphaeridium globosum (Coleochaetales), and the green alga Mesostigma viride . Despite important differences in size and intron composition, Chara mtDNA strikingly resembles Marchantia mtDNA; for instance, all except 9 of 68 conserved genes lie within blocks of colinear sequences. Overall, our genome comparisons and phylogenetic analyses provide unequivocal support for a sister-group relationship between the Charales and the land plants. Only four introns in land plant mtDNAs appear to have been inherited vertically from a charalean algar ancestor. We infer that the common ancestor of green algae and land plants harbored a tightly packed, gene-rich, and relatively intron-poor mitochondrial genome. The group II introns in this ancestral genome appear to have spread to new mtDNA sites during the evolution of bryophytes and charalean green algae, accounting for part of the intron diversity found in Chara and land plant mitochondria.

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“…To date, six green algal mitochondrial genomes have been completely sequenced. Of these, four belong to the reduced-derived type (i.e., Chlamydomonas reinhardtii [Michaelis et al 1990;Boer and Gray 1991;Vahrenholz et al 1993], Chlamydomonas eugametos [DenovanWright et al 1998], Chlorogonium elongatum [Kroymann and Zetsche 1998], and Pedinomonas minor [Turmel et al 1999]), and two are members of the ancestral type (i.e., Prototheca wickerhamii [Wolff et al 1994] and Nephroselmis olivacea [Turmel et al 1999]). In phylogenetic analyses using mitochondrial rDNA sequences ) the above two types of mitochondrial genome fail to affiliate with each other.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Complete Mitochondrial DNA Sequence of Scenedesmus obliquus Reflects an Intermediate Stage in the Evolution of the Green Algal Mitochondrial Genome

Nedelcu

Lee²,

Lemieux³

et al. 2000

Genome Res.

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100

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Two distinct mitochondrial genome types have been described among the green algal lineages investigated to date: a reduced–derived,Chlamydomonas-like type and an ancestral,Prototheca-like type. To determine if this unexpected dichotomy is real or is due to insufficient or biased sampling and to define trends in the evolution of the green algal mitochondrial genome, we sequenced and analyzed the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) ofScenedesmus obliquus. This genome is 42,919 bp in size and encodes 42 conserved genes (i.e., large and small subunit rRNA genes, 27 tRNA and 13 respiratory protein-coding genes), four additional free-standing open reading frames with no known homologs, and an intronic reading frame with endonuclease/maturase similarity. No 5S rRNA or ribosomal protein-coding genes have been identified inScenedesmus mtDNA. The standard protein-coding genes feature a deviant genetic code characterized by the use of UAG (normally a stop codon) to specify leucine, and the unprecedented use of UCA (normally a serine codon) as a signal for termination of translation. The mitochondrial genome of Scenedesmus combines features of both green algal mitochondrial genome types: the presence of a more complex set of protein-coding and tRNA genes is shared with the ancestral type, whereas the lack of 5S rRNA and ribosomal protein-coding genes as well as the presence of fragmented and scrambled rRNA genes are shared with the reduced–derived type of mitochondrial genome organization. Furthermore, the gene content and the fragmentation pattern of the rRNA genes suggest that this genome represents an intermediate stage in the evolutionary process of mitochondrial genome streamlining in green algae.[The sequence data described in this paper have been submitted to the GenBank data library under accession no. AF204057.]

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Complete Sequence of the Mitochondrial DNA of the Chlorophyte Alga Prototheca wickerhamii

Cited by 157 publications

References 0 publications

Subunit II of Cytochrome c Oxidase in Chlamydomonad Algae Is a Heterodimer Encoded by Two Independent Nuclear Genes

Subunit II of Cytochrome c Oxidase in Chlamydomonad Algae Is a Heterodimer Encoded by Two Independent Nuclear Genes

The Mitochondrial Genome of Chara vulgaris: Insights into the Mitochondrial DNA Architecture of the Last Common Ancestor of Green Algae and Land Plants[W]

The Complete Mitochondrial DNA Sequence of Scenedesmus obliquus Reflects an Intermediate Stage in the Evolution of the Green Algal Mitochondrial Genome

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