Complete population inversion of Bose particles by an adiabatic cycle

Abstract

We show that an adiabatic cycle excites Bose particles confined in a one-dimensional box. During the adiabatic cycle, a wall described by a δ-shaped potential is applied and its strength and position are slowly varied. When the system is initially prepared in the ground state, namely, in the zerotemperature equilibrium state, the adiabatic cycle brings all Bosons into the first excited one-particle state, leaving the system in a nonequilibrium state. The absorbed energy during the cycle is proportional to the number of Bosons. A particle in a box with a δ-wallIn order to examine N Bose particles in a one-dimensional box with an additional δ-wall, we review the single particle case, i.e., N=1 [18], where the system is described by the Hamiltonian

Generating nonequilibrium stationary state from ground state condensate through an almost-adiabatic cycle

“…Our starting point is the analysis of cyclic operations for noninteracting Bose particles [26,27]. We define a cycle using a sharp impurity potential, which is often utilized to manipulate condensates both experimentally and theoretically [28][29][30][31][32][33].…”