Complete nucleotide sequence of the type isolate of Cowpea mild mottle virus from Ghana

Detection and partial characterization of Cowpea mild mottle virus in mungbean and urdbean by deep sequencing and RT-PCR

“…CpMMV belongs to the genus Carlavirus (Brunt and Kenten, 1973;Naidu et al, 1998) and is transmitted by seed as well as whiteflies in a non-persistant manner (Iwaki et al, 1982;Jeyanandarajah and Brunt, 1993). The virus genome consists of a linear single stranded RNA of 8127 nucleotides (nt) and a 3 0 terminal poly A tail (Menzel et al, 2010).CpMMV is distributed in several countries of Africa, Asia, Middle East, North and South America (Jeyanandarajah and Brunt, 1993). In India, CpMMV is reported from cowpea (Jeyanandarajah and Brunt, 1993), groundnut (Iizuka et al, 1984;Mali and Nirmal, 1987) and soybean (Bhargandi et al, 1987;Yadav et al, 2013).…”

Production of polyclonal antiserum against Cowpea mild mottle virus coat protein and its application in virus detection

“…The disease was first recorded in the Midwest region of Brazil in the 2000/01 soybean season and rapidly spread throughout the country in the following years (Almeida et al, 2005;Mituti & Almeida, 2006). Cowpea mild mottle virus (CpMMV), the causal agent of stem necrosis disease, has also been reported in Asia, West Africa, and Argentina, some of the world's main soybean producing regions, but so far not in the United States (Laguna et al, 2006;Menzel et al, 2010). Symptoms vary with the host, viral isolate and time of year but are generally seen as local chlorotic lesions, mosaic, necrosis, necrotic lesions, chlorotic rings, dwarfing and leaf distortion (Almeida et al, 2005).…”

“…The Carlavirus genome consists of a singlestranded positive sense RNA, 6.48-8.6 kb, including six open reading frames (ORFs), a 5' cap and a 3' poly-A tail (King et al, 2011). ORF 1 is the largest, encoding the putative methyltransferase (Mt), papain-like protease (P-Pro), helicase (Hel) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) (Menzel et al, 2010). The triple gene block encodes movement proteins and consists of three overlapping ORFs (ORFs 2, 3 and 4) (Morozov & Solovyev, 2003).…”

“…The triple gene block encodes movement proteins and consists of three overlapping ORFs (ORFs 2, 3 and 4) (Morozov & Solovyev, 2003). ORF 5 encodes a coat protein and the product of ORF 6 possesses nucleic acid-binding activity (Menzel et al, 2010).…”

“…Generally, CpMMV detection is undertaken by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods (Almeida et al, 2005;Laguna et al, 2006;Tavassoli et al, 2009;Menzel et al, 2010). Molecular methods such as RT-PCR are more sensitive, but their application requires the use of expensive reagents and equipment to synthesize the complementary DNA, and they are relatively complex to execute, increasing costs when indexing large numbers of samples.…”