Complete nucleotide sequence of chrysanthemum mosaic-associated virus, a novel emaravirus infecting chrysanthemum

Kubota, Kenji; Yanagisawa, Hironobu; Chiaki, Yuya; Yamasaki, Junki; Horikawa, Hidenori; Tsunekawa, Kenta; Morita, Yasuaki; Kadono, Fujio

doi:10.1007/s00705-021-04979-2

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Amino acid sequence analysis of the putative RdRp of known emaraviruses showed the emaraviruses comprise three major clades (clades I, II and III), with the largest clade (clade I) split into three subclades (subclades a, b and c). The observed branching pattern conforms to previous reports [ 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 ]. The earliest identified emaraviruses belong to Clade I, while more recent discoveries have expanded our understanding of emaravirus evolution with the identification of clades II and III.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Designation of the Emaravirus genus into phylogroups is under constant review as new emaraviruses are discovered. The clade to which KŌPV belongs has only recently been identified [ 52 , 62 ], highlighting that emaraviruses are more diverse and their evolutionary history more complicated than previously understood. Other members of this recently identified clade include ChMaV and PCLSaV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterisation and Distribution of Karaka Ōkahu Purepure Virus—A Novel Emaravirus Likely to Be Endemic to New Zealand

Rabbidge

Blouin

Chooi

et al. 2021

Viruses

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We report the first emaravirus on an endemic plant of Aotearoa New Zealand that is, to the best of our knowledge, the country’s first endemic virus characterised associated with an indigenous plant. The new-to-science virus was identified in the endemic karaka tree (Corynocarpus laevigatus), and is associated with chlorotic leaf spots, and possible feeding sites of the monophagous endemic karaka gall mite. Of the five negative-sense RNA genomic segments that were fully sequenced, four (RNA 1–4) had similarity to other emaraviruses while RNA 5 had no similarity with other viral proteins. A detection assay developed to amplify any of the five RNAs in a single assay was used to determine the distribution of the virus. The virus is widespread in the Auckland area, particularly in mature trees at Ōkahu Bay, with only occasional reports elsewhere in the North Island. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that its closest relatives are pear chlorotic leaf spot-associated virus and chrysanthemum mosaic-associated virus, which form a unique clade within the genus Emaravirus. Based on the genome structure, we propose this virus to be part of the family Emaravirus, but with less than 50% amino acid similarity to the closest relatives in the most conserved RNA 1, it clearly is a novel species. In consultation with mana whenua (indigenous Māori authority over a territory and its associated treasures), we propose the name Karaka Ōkahu purepure virus in te reo Māori (the Māori language) to reflect the tree from which it was isolated (karaka), a place where the virus is prevalent (Ōkahu), and the spotted symptom (purepure, pronounced pooray pooray) that this endemic virus appears to cause.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation and Distribution of Karaka Ōkahu Purepure Virus—A Novel Emaravirus Likely to Be Endemic to New Zealand

Rabbidge

Blouin

Chooi

et al. 2021

Viruses

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“…Although orthotospoviruses and tenuiviruses have already been known for many decades, and emaraviruses seemingly emerged only recently, the use of HTS/meta-genomics/transcriptomics to resolve plant viromes is boosting the discovery of new isolates/species belonging to the NSVs with segmented genomes. While tenuiviruses and emaraviruses were initially thought to be limited to monocots and perennial plants, respectively, recent HTS efforts have enabled the discovery of tenuiviruses and tenuivirus-like viruses (phenuivirids) in tulip, melon, a plant parasitic nematode, and a fungus [ 14 , 268 , 269 , 270 , 271 , 272 ], as well as the first emaravirus in an ornamental plant, chrysanthemum [ 273 ]. HTS has also led to the discovery of viruses in citrus, with a phylogenetic relation to the Phenuiviridae .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Bunyavirales: The Plant-Infecting Counterparts

Kormelink

Verchot

Tao

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Negative-strand (-) RNA viruses (NSVs) comprise a large and diverse group of viruses that are generally divided in those with non-segmented and those with segmented genomes. Whereas most NSVs infect animals and humans, the smaller group of the plant-infecting counterparts is expanding, with many causing devastating diseases worldwide, affecting a large number of major bulk and high-value food crops. In 2018, the taxonomy of segmented NSVs faced a major reorganization with the establishment of the order Bunyavirales. This article overviews the major plant viruses that are part of the order, i.e., orthospoviruses (Tospoviridae), tenuiviruses (Phenuiviridae), and emaraviruses (Fimoviridae), and provides updates on the more recent ongoing research. Features shared with the animal-infecting counterparts are mentioned, however, special attention is given to their adaptation to plant hosts and vector transmission, including intra/intercellular trafficking and viral counter defense to antiviral RNAi.

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“…Additionally, an eriophyid mite of the family Diptilomiopidae was demonstrated to transmit a novel emaravirus to star anise [71]. New, yet unclassified eriophyid mite species are suspected to be vectors for other putative emaraviruses ( [21,33,53,56,57,64], see Table 1). However, vector transmission has so far not been demonstrated for all emaraviruses.…”

Section: Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Complex World of Emaraviruses – Challenges, Insights and Prospects

Rehanek¹,

Karlin²,

Bandte³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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: Emaravirus (Order Bunyavirales; Family Fimoviridae) is a genus comprising over 20 emerging plant viruses with a worldwide distribution and economic impact. Emaraviruses infect a variety of host plants and have especially become prevalent in important long-living woody plants. These viruses are enveloped, with a segmented, single-stranded, negative-sense RNA genome and are transmitted by eriophyid mites or mechanical transmission. Emaraviruses have four core genome segments encoding an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, a glycoprotein precursor, a nucleocapsid protein, and a movement protein. They also have additional genome segments, whose number varies widely. We report here that the proteins encoded by these segments form three main homology groups: a homolog of the sadwavirus Glu2 Pro glutamic protease; a protein involved in pathogenicity, which we named “ABC”; and a protein of unknown function, which we named “P55”. The distribution of these proteins parallels the emaravirus phylogeny and suggests, with other analyses, that emaraviruses should be split into at least two genera. Reliable diagnosis systems are urgently needed to detect emaraviruses, assess their economic and ecological importance, and take appropriate measures to prevent their spread (such as routine testing, hygiene measures, and control of mite vectors). Additional research needs include understanding the function of emaravirus proteins, breeding resistant plants and clarifying transmission modes.

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Complete nucleotide sequence of chrysanthemum mosaic-associated virus, a novel emaravirus infecting chrysanthemum

Cited by 13 publications

References 30 publications

Characterisation and Distribution of Karaka Ōkahu Purepure Virus—A Novel Emaravirus Likely to Be Endemic to New Zealand

Characterisation and Distribution of Karaka Ōkahu Purepure Virus—A Novel Emaravirus Likely to Be Endemic to New Zealand

The Bunyavirales: The Plant-Infecting Counterparts

The Complex World of Emaraviruses – Challenges, Insights and Prospects

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