Complete mitochondrial genome analysis of Lingula anatina from Korea (Brachiopoda, Lingulida, Lingulidae)

Abstract

In this study, complete mitochondrial genome of the Lingula anatina (Lamark, 1801) from Korea has been sequenced and analysed, and compared with previous complete mitochondrial genome record from Japan. The mitogenome is 25,790 bp and composed of 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA and 34 tRNA. In comparison with previous record, there are dramatically changes in structure between two records. Additionally, phylogenetic tree of L. anatina in Brachiopoda reconstructed due to 12 protein-coding genes of mitochondrial genome. The results showed that the Korean L. anatina positioned in Brachiopoda and the closest species is the L. anatina from the Japan. This study provides the second complete mitochondrial genome for the species.

An Investigation of the Variations in Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of Lingula anatina in the Western Pacific Region

“…The GC skewness of the mitogenomes was slightly positive for both new sequences of L. anatina , indicating a higher content of G than C; AT skewness had slightly negative values indicating a higher occurrence of T than A ( Figure S2 ). This finding is consistent with the mitogenome sequence reported in the previous study [ 18 , 19 ].…”

“…Meanwhile, the nucleotide distribution was 26.1% A, 21.5% G, 15.8% C and 36.6% T for the Doson specimen. These values are slightly different from those of the Yanagawa specimen, which contained 26.1% A, 21.9% G, 16.1% C and 35.9% T. The whole genes were encoded on the heavy strands of the two new mitogenomes, which is consistent with the previous records from Incheon, Korea and Yanagawa, Japan [ 18 , 19 ]. Although the number of coding genes was variable, relative orders of PCGs and two rRNA genes were similar in the mitogenomes of L. anatina from Buan, Incheon, Doson and Yanagawa, while the Amami Island mitogenome is different from these sequences.…”

“…One individual from each Buan (Korea) and Doson (Vietnam) specimens was chosen for mitogenome sequencing. The Buan specimen was collected approximately 200 km away from the previously recorded Incheon specimen [ 19 ]. Briefly, the mitochondrial DNA was isolated using a mitochondrial DNA isolation kit (Biovision, Milpitas, CA, USA) according to manufacturer’s recommendations.…”

“…For L. anatina , previous studies reported an unusual mitogenome of larger size, more extended repetitive sequences and more tRNA genes compared to other groups [ 18 ]. Additionally, comparisons of L. anatina mitogenome genes indicated high levels of variation among different localities [ 8 , 19 ]. This variation resulted in the speculation that there are cryptic species from various surveyed sites [ 8 ].…”

The complete mitogenome of the inarticulate brachiopod Glottidia pyramidata reveals insights into gene order variation, deviant ATP8 and mtORFans in the Brachiopoda

“…Breton et al 2010 , 2011a , 2011b , 2014 ; Milani et al 2013 ; Lubośny et al 2018 ; Guerra et al 2019 ; Capt et al 2020 ), brachiopods present important variation in mtDNA size (17 to >28 kb) and gene arrangement, with longer and deviant protein-coding sequences compared to their homologues in other animals (e.g. longer cox2 gene and deviant ATP8 protein sequences) as well as supernumerary open reading frames (ORFs) or mtORFans (ORFs without recognizable homologies to other known genes) (Helfenbein et al 2001 ; Endo et al 2005 ; Luo et al 2015 ; Karagozlu et al 2017a ). There are seven complete brachiopod mitogenomes available to date, three of them are from Lingula anatina (order Lingulida), and the four others are from species from the order Terebratulida, which contains >75% of all extant brachiopod species (Emig et al 2013 ).…”