Complete measurement and multiplexing of orbital angular momentum Bell states

Complete analysis of hyperentangled Bell state in three degrees of freedom using Kerr effect and self-assisted mechanism

“…In 2003, Walborn et al theoretically presented a simplified approach for the complete BSA with auxiliary entanglement [14]. In terms of the experimental BSA, many significant works have already been accomplished [16][17][18][19][20][21]. For example, in 2017, Williams et al experimentally reported the demonstration of superdense coding over optical fiber links, taking advantage of a complete BSA enabled by hyperentanglement [18].…”

“…For example, in 2017, Williams et al experimentally reported the demonstration of superdense coding over optical fiber links, taking advantage of a complete BSA enabled by hyperentanglement [18]. In 2019, Kong et al experimentally demonstrated the complete orbital angular momentum of BSA without auxiliary photons by using linear optics and additional entanglement [21]. In many hyperentanglement-based quantum information processing protocols, the deterministic distinguishing of a set of orthogonal hyperentangled Bell states is often required for getting the information [22][23][24].…”

Compact and sturdy orbital angular momentum sorter without destroying photon states

“…Due to that OAM can give access to an in principle unbounded state space, it can be used to encode information beyond one bit per photon in a higher-dimensional Hilbert space. This has led to a series of applications ranging from optical communications [26][27][28][29][30] to high-dimensional quantum entanglement [31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. However, in these fields, separating different OAM states is a fundamental requirement.…”

“…Recently, a combined high-aperture metalens is designed and used for simultaneously detecting two OAM states [47]. However, in these methods, the separated OAM states are severely destroyed and cannot be used for further interactions that is necessary in many quantum optical experiments [32,33,[48][49][50][51][52]. In this cases, the only option currently is to use a modified Mach-Zehnder interferometer, which uses two Dove prisms for introducing the mode dependent phase shift [53].…”

Complex wavefront sensing based on coherent diffraction imaging using vortex modulation

“…Many breakthroughs have been reported based on novel topological modulations. High-speed and large-capacity optical communications have been achieved 23 , 24 . OAM-dependent holographic images were multiplexed to achieve high-security optical encryption 25 .…”