Complete Genome Sequences of Five Paenibacillus larvae Bacteriophages

Sheflo, Michael A.; Gardner, Adam; Merrill, Bryan D.; Fisher, Joshua N. B.; Lunt, Bryce L.; Breakwell, Donald P.; Grose, Julianne H.; Burnett, Sandra H.

doi:10.1128/genomea.00668-13

Cited by 14 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Prior to this study, 15 phages of P. larvae were described, and phage HB10c2 exhibits structural similarities to them (31). According to recent developments and further classification of phages at the genomic level in the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, phage HB10c2 could be grouped into the proposed genus "Divavirus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paenibacilluslarvae-Directed Bacteriophage HB10c2 and Its Application in American Foulbrood-Affected Honey Bee Larvae

Beims

Wittmann

Bunk

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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dPaenibacillus larvae is the causative agent of American foulbrood (AFB), the most serious honey bee brood bacterial disease. We isolated and characterized P. larvae-directed bacteriophages and developed criteria for safe phage therapy. Whole-genome analysis of a highly lytic virus of the family Siphoviridae (HB10c2) provided a detailed safety profile and uncovered its lysogenic nature and a putative beta-lactamase-like protein. To rate its antagonistic activity against the pathogens targeted and to specify potentially harmful effects on the bee population and the environment, P. larvae genotypes ERIC I to IV, representatives of the bee gut microbiota, and a broad panel of members of the order Bacillales were analyzed for phage HB10c2-induced lysis. Breeding assays with infected bee larvae revealed that the in vitro phage activity observed was not predictive of the real-life scenario and therapeutic efficacy. On the basis of the disclosed P. larvae-bacteriophage coevolution, we discuss the future prospects of AFB phage therapy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paenibacilluslarvae-Directed Bacteriophage HB10c2 and Its Application in American Foulbrood-Affected Honey Bee Larvae

Beims

Wittmann

Bunk

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…pulvifaciens isolates (DSM 8442 and DSM 8443) being labeled as "unverified." These results also led to the reclassification of our field isolates as B. laterosporus (Br1 to Br14) (17). However, due to the genotypic, phenotypic, and ecological similarities of these two genera, as well as the reported frequencies of horizontal gene transfer within bacteria that share an ecological niche, reliance on a single gene to assign taxonomy can be perilous.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Researchers working to detect P. larvae in beehives often isolate B. laterosporus and other closely related bacteria due to insufficient discriminatory techniques for these similar species (1-5). Our field isolates Br1 to Br10 and Br14 were initially classified as P. larvae based on their isolation on selective media, the absence of catalase activity, PCR-amplified 16S rRNA sequence similarity to P. larvae, and other previously described tests (17,20). BLASTN (24)(25)(26) results indicated that the partial 16S rRNA gene sequences of the 11 strains, previously reported as PL1 to PL10 and PL14 but here reclassified as Br1 to Br10 and Br14 (18), shared an average of 97% identity (range, 93 to 99%) with the 16S rRNA gene from two P. larvae subsp.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Isolation of bacteria from beehives. Bacterial spores were gathered from honey and beehive material as previously described (17). Samples were processed for intended P. larvae isolation by isolating spores (19), streaking them on Paenibacillus larvae agar (PLA) plates (20), and subjecting them to aerobic incubation at 37°C for 24 to 36 h. Gram-positive isolates that were catalase negative (40) were further streaked and purified on LB (Lennox) agar, archived in 20% glycerol, and stored at Ϫ80°C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The misidentification between the two species in at least two previous studies warrants a closer inspection of the methods used to identify and characterize these bacteria. Earlier publications reported the isolation (17) and characterization (18) of five P. larvae phages (Jimmer1, Jimmer2, Davies, Emery, and Abouo) using two field strains (previously named PL2 and PL6) isolated from beehives using protocols designed for specific isolation and selection of P. larvae spores (3,17,19). These field isolates initially appeared to be P. larvae based on previously established phenotypic assays (17,20), including the absence of catalase activity and Ͼ97% sequence identity to the 16S rRNA genes of three isolates listed in NCBI databases as P. larvae or P. larvae subsp.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A PCR-Based Method for Distinguishing between Two Common Beehive Bacteria, Paenibacillus larvae and Brevibacillus laterosporus

Berg

Merrill

Breakwell

et al. 2018

Appl Environ Microbiol

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and are two bacteria that are members of the family. Both are commonly found in beehives and have historically been difficult to distinguish from each other due to related genetic and phenotypic characteristics and a shared ecological niche. Here, we discuss the likely mischaracterization of three 16S rRNA sequences previously published as and provide the phylogenetic evidence that supported the GenBank reassignment of the sequences as We explore the issues that arise by using only 16S rRNA or other single-gene analyses to distinguish between these bacteria. We also present three sets of molecular markers, two sets that distinguish from and other closely related species within the genus and a third set that distinguishes from and other closely related species within the genus. These molecular markers provide a tool for proper identification of these oft-mistaken species. 16S rRNA gene sequencing in bacteria has long been held as the gold standard for typing bacteria and, for the most part, is an excellent method of taxonomically identifying different bacterial species. However, the high level of 16S rRNA sequence similarity of some published strains of and, as well as possible horizontal gene transfer events within their shared ecological niche, complicates the use of 16S rRNA sequence as an effective molecular marker for differentiating these two species. Additionally, shared characteristics of these bacteria limit the effectiveness of using traditional phenotypic identification assays, such as the catalase test. The results from this study provide PCR methods to quickly differentiate between these two genera and will be useful when studying ,, and other disease-relevant bacteria commonly found in beehives.

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Probing the interaction of Paenibacillus larvae bacteriophage as a biological agent to control the american foulbrood disease in honeybee

El-Meihy,

Hassan,

Alamoudi

et al. 2024

Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences

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Complete Genome Sequences of Five Paenibacillus larvae Bacteriophages

Cited by 14 publications

References 12 publications

Paenibacilluslarvae-Directed Bacteriophage HB10c2 and Its Application in American Foulbrood-Affected Honey Bee Larvae

Paenibacilluslarvae-Directed Bacteriophage HB10c2 and Its Application in American Foulbrood-Affected Honey Bee Larvae

A PCR-Based Method for Distinguishing between Two Common Beehive Bacteria, Paenibacillus larvae and Brevibacillus laterosporus

Probing the interaction of Paenibacillus larvae bacteriophage as a biological agent to control the american foulbrood disease in honeybee

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