Complete Genome Sequence of the Commensal Enterococcus faecalis 62, Isolated from a Healthy Norwegian Infant

Abstract

The genome of Enterococcus faecalis 62, a commensal isolate from a healthy Norwegian infant, revealed multiple adaptive traits to the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) environment and the milk-containing diet of breast-fed infants. Adaptation to a commensal existence was emphasized by lactose and other carbohydrate metabolism genes within genomic islands, accompanied by the absence of virulence traits.

In Vivo Assessment of Growth and Virulence Gene Expression during Commensal and Pathogenic Lifestyles of luxABCDE -Tagged Enterococcus faecalis Strains in Murine Gastrointestinal and Intravenous Infection Models

“…5a). The statistically significant difference found in the colonization of the murine intestine by the E. faecalis strains (P ϭ 0.05 by Wilcoxon rank test) supports the notion that commensals like EF62 are more adapted to the intestinal environment than the nosocomial isolates (16,31). The differences in cell densities were consistent in all the different compartments of the upper and lower intestines (Fig.…”

“…In contrast, the commensal E. faecalis strain EF62, which was isolated from a healthy Norwegian infant, lacks prominent virulence traits and belongs to multilocus sequence typing (MLST) type 66, which has not been associated with hospital outbreaks (21). A previous study in which the complete sequence of E. faecalis EF62 was analyzed revealed multiple genomic traits with potential roles in adaptation and persistence in the intestinal environment (16). Here, by monitoring the bioluminescence emission intensity in fecal samples and in the small and large intestines, we show that E. faecalis EF62 has a growth advantage and persists at higher levels than the clinical isolate, thus strengthening the notion that commensal and clinical isolates behave differently in the GIT.…”

“…Three E. faecalis strains were chosen on the basis of their different origins: the nosocomial blood isolate MMH594, which contains in its genome both cytolysin and gelatinase within other prominent enterococcal virulence factors (15); the commensal isolate EF62, whose genome is enriched with several traits for adaptation to gastrointestinal environments (16); and the laboratory strain JH2-2, a plasmid-cured derivative of the multipleantibiotic-resistant clinical isolate JH2 (17), which includes virulence determinants like the aggregation substance but is devoid of gelatinase and cytolysin (18).…”

Investigation of potential virulence genes and antibiotic resistance characteristics of Enterococcus faecalis isolates from human milk and colostrum samples

“…Enterococci are also considered normal microflora of foods, and improve the typical taste and flavor of many foods such as cheeses and sausages through their proteolytic and lipolytic activities (Garcia et al, 2002;De Vuyst et al, 2003;Klein, 2003;Foulquie Moreno et al, 2006). Besides their beneficial characteristics, some enterococci are recognized as nosocomial pathogens, which have virulence genes and resistance to antibiotics (Franz et al, 1999;Giraffa et al, 2000;Klein, 2003;Peters et al, 2003;Foulquie Moreno et al, 2006;Poeta et al, 2006;Brede et al, 2011;Özden Tuncer et al, 2013).…”

The Microbiome of Spodoptera littoralis: Development, Control and Adaptation to the Insect Host

“…Some of these plasmids encode bacteriocins [51][52][53], virulence factors [54,55], toxins [56] and sex pheromones [57]. Plasmids replicate via rolling circle replication (RCR) and theta replication [58].…”