Complete Genome Sequence of Stenotrophomonas Phage Mendera

Garza, Kameron D.; Newkirk, Heather; Moreland, Russell; Gonzalez, Carlos F.; Liu, Mei; Ramsey, Jolene; Leavitt, Justin C.

doi:10.1128/mra.01411-19

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…It is possible that the competitive advantage of type IV pili to aid in the colonization of plants [ 2 , 31 ] has selected for the use of these structures as phage receptors in soil microbes. It is unknown if the type IV pilus is a favoured receptor of S. maltophilia phages isolated from other environmental sources, such as water and sewage, as the receptors for these phages have not been examined [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 32 ]. However, the T4-like virulent phage Smp14 has been observed to bind to the poles of S. maltophilia cells by TEM [ 21 ] where type IV pili are normally expressed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the specific modifications are unknown, the 35 enzymes tested that could not digest the DNA contain G/C bases in their recognition sites, suggesting that these nucleotides may be altered in AXL3 gDNA to resist digestion. Phage genome resistance to restriction digestion is common and has been documented in other S. maltophilia phages to varying degrees [ 11 , 17 , 19 , 20 , 22 ], with phage DLP4 gDNA resistant to a similar panel of enzymes as AXL3 [ 18 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of phages for human therapy requires extensive phage characterization, including host range analysis, genomic characterization and identification of potential moron genes, lifestyle determination and identification of cell surface receptors. In the last two decades, numerous phages against S. maltophilia have been isolated and characterized to various extents for their therapeutic potential [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. Herein we describe the isolation and characterization of a novel S. maltophilia phage, AXL3, unrelated to any phages currently sequenced in the NCBI database.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isolation and Characterization of the Novel Bacteriophage AXL3 against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

McCutcheon

Lin

Dennis

2020

IJMS

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The rapid increase in the number of worldwide human infections caused by the extremely antibiotic resistant bacterial pathogen Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is cause for concern. An alternative treatment solution in the post-antibiotic era is phage therapy, the use of bacteriophages to selectively kill bacterial pathogens. In this study, the novel bacteriophage AXL3 (vB_SmaS-AXL_3) was isolated from soil and characterized. Host range analysis using a panel of 29 clinical S. maltophilia isolates shows successful infection of five isolates and electron microscopy indicates that AXL3 is a member of the Siphoviridae family. Complete genome sequencing and analysis reveals a 47.5 kb genome predicted to encode 65 proteins. Functionality testing suggests AXL3 is a virulent phage and results show that AXL3 uses the type IV pilus, a virulence factor on the cell surface, as its receptor across its host range. This research identifies a novel virulent phage and characterization suggests that AXL3 is a promising phage therapy candidate, with future research examining modification through genetic engineering to broaden its host range.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isolation and Characterization of the Novel Bacteriophage AXL3 against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

McCutcheon

Lin

Dennis

2020

IJMS

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“…Four S. maltophilia phages were isolated by a group from the Center for Phage Technology (CPT) at Texas A&M University. Phages Ponderosa [163] and Pokken [164] are Podoviridae phages isolated from water samples and phages Moby [165] and Mendera [166] are Myoviridae phages isolated from wastewater. Complete genomic characterization for each phage is available on NCBI, however, no experimental data regarding host range, lifecycle, or phage infection dynamics were provided to evaluate the suitability of these phages for therapeutic use.…”

Section: S Maltophilia Phagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential of Phage Therapy against the Emerging Opportunistic Pathogen Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

McCutcheon

Dennis

2021

Viruses

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The isolation and characterization of bacteriophages for the treatment of infections caused by the multidrug resistant pathogen Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is imperative as nosocomial and community-acquired infections are rapidly increasing in prevalence. This increase is largely due to the numerous virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance genes encoded by this bacterium. Research on S. maltophilia phages to date has focused on the isolation and in vitro characterization of novel phages, often including genomic characterization, from the environment or by induction from bacterial strains. This review summarizes the clinical significance, virulence factors, and antimicrobial resistance mechanisms of S. maltophilia, as well as all phages isolated and characterized to date and strategies for their use. We further address the limited in vivo phage therapy studies conducted against this bacterium and discuss the future research needed to spearhead phages as an alternative treatment option against multidrug resistant S. maltophilia.

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“…Bacteriophages, or phages for short, are bacterial viruses that attach to and infect a particular host bacterium by recognizing a cell surface receptor. IME-SM1, YB07, Mendera [4], Smp14, Moby [5], Ponderosa[6], IME15, BUCT548, Salva, AXL [7], S1[8], DLP1 [9], DLP2 [9], DLP3 [10], DLP4, DLP5, DLP6, and CM1 [11] are some of the bacteriophages that has been isolated against S. maltophilia. More virulent S. maltophilia phages will likely be found and added to phage cocktails for treatment because of the evenly distributed phage replication types and the variety of isolation sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic effect of phage-antibiotic combination against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

Koshy,

Leela,

Neela

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Phage therapy has been used for more than a century to treat bacterial infections that are caused by multidrug-resistant organisms. To combat S. maltophilia (multidrug-resistant bacteria), we isolated, recognized, and described the Stenotrophomonas phage CM2 in this study. The diameter of the head and tail length of the Stenotrophomonas phage CM2 were measured to be around 109 nm and 146 nm, respectively. It was found that the phage is a member of the Myoviridae family of viruses and is categorized under the order Caudovirales. 2 out of the 6 different strains of S.maltophilia tested were lysed by Stenotrophomonas phage CM2 according to host range determination, and a one-step growth curve indicated a short latent time and a moderate burst size. Phage CM2 has 61670 base pairs and 24 phage genes. A phylogenetic tree was reconstructed which revealed the close evolutionary relationship between CM2 and other Stenotrophomonas phages. We have also studied the Phage-Antibiotic synergy of Phage CM2 against different antibiotics such as Nitrofurantoin, amoxicillin, and ciprofloxacin. Evidence suggests that lytic phage can work in class-dependent synergy with antibiotics to rejuvenate a medication that was no longer effective against previously resistant bacteria.

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Complete Genome Sequence of Stenotrophomonas Phage Mendera

Cited by 6 publications

References 18 publications

Isolation and Characterization of the Novel Bacteriophage AXL3 against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

Isolation and Characterization of the Novel Bacteriophage AXL3 against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

The Potential of Phage Therapy against the Emerging Opportunistic Pathogen Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

Synergistic effect of phage-antibiotic combination against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

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