Complete Genome Sequence of
            <i>Emiliania huxleyi</i>
            Virus Strain M1, Isolated from an Induced
            <i>E. huxleyi</i>
            Bloom in Bergen, Norway

Fromm, Amir; Schatz, Daniella; Ben-Dor, Shifra; Feldmesser, Ester; Vardi, Assaf

doi:10.1128/mra.00071-22

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(14 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…To assess whether resistant E. huxleyi cells appear in low numbers during bloom succession, as detected in the open ocean bloom (Fig. 4e), we isolated numerous E. huxleyi clones during the mesocosm experiment and determined their susceptibility to infection by EhV strain M1 (EhVM1), which was isolated during the same mesocosm experiment 54 . Most isolates were found to be susceptible to EhVM1, among them isolates RCC6918, RCC6936 and RCC6912 (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Novel lipid biomarkers for algal resistance to viral infection in the ocean

Schleyer

Kuhlisch

Ziv

et al. 2022

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Marine viruses play a key role in regulating phytoplankton populations, greatly affecting the biogeochemical cycling of major nutrients in the ocean. Resistance to viral infection has been reported for various phytoplankton species under laboratory conditions. Nevertheless, the occurrence of resistant cells in natural populations is underexplored due to the lack of sensitive tools to detect these rare phenotypes. Consequently, our current understanding of the ecological importance of resistance and its underlying mechanisms is limited. Here, we sought to discover lipid biomarkers for the resistance of the bloom-forming alga Emiliania huxleyi to its specific virus, E. huxleyi virus (EhV). We identified novel glycosphingolipids (GSLs) that characterize resistant E. huxleyi strains by applying an untargeted lipidomics approach. Further, we detected these lipid biomarkers in E. huxleyi isolates that were recently collected from E. huxleyi blooms and used them to detect resistant cells in the demise phase of an open ocean E. huxleyi bloom. Lastly, we show that the GSL composition of E. huxleyi cultures that recover following infection and gain resistance to the virus resembles that of resistant strains. These findings highlight the metabolic plasticity and co-evolution of the GSL biosynthetic pathway and underscore its central part in this host-virus arms race.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S24). The lytic virus EhVM1 was isolated during the same mesocosm experiment and its genome data is publicly available 54 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel lipid biomarkers for algal resistance to viral infection in the ocean

Schleyer

Kuhlisch

Ziv

et al. 2022

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…At least four reads per UMI were obtained per cell. For the virus, the predicted CDSs in the EhV201, EhV163, EhVice, and EhVM1 genome sequence ( 58 ) were used as reference. For the host, an integrated transcriptome reference of E. huxleyi ( 59 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Daily turnover of active giant virus infection during algal blooms revealed by single-cell transcriptomics

Hevroni,

Vincent,

et al. 2023

Sci. Adv.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Giant viruses infect many unicellular eukaryotes, including algae that form massive oceanic blooms. Despite the major impact of viruses on the marine ecosystem, the ability to quantify and assess active viral infection in nature remains a major challenge. We applied single-cell RNA sequencing, to profile virus and host transcriptomes of 12,000 single algal cells from a coccolithophore bloom. Viral infection was detected already at early exponential bloom phase, negatively correlating with the bloom intensity. A consistent percent of infected coccolithophores displayed the early phase of viral replication for several consecutive days, indicating a daily turnover and continuous virocell-associated metabolite production, potentially affecting the surrounding microbiome. Linking single-cell infection state to host physiology revealed that infected cells remained calcified even in the late infection stage. These findings stress the importance of studying host-virus dynamics in natural populations, at single-cell resolution, to better understand virus life cycle and its impact on microbial food webs.

show abstract

“…At least four reads per UMI were obtained per cell. For the virus, the predicted CDSs in the EhV201, EhV163, EhVice and EhVM1 genome sequence 49 were used as reference. For the host, an integrated transcriptome reference of E. huxleyi 50 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Daily turnover of active giant virus infection during algal blooms revealed by single-cell transcriptomics

Hevroni¹,

Vincent²,

Ku³

et al. 2022

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Viruses are the most abundant biological entity in the ocean and play a significant role in shaping the marine ecosystem. The past two decades have revealed an outstanding diversity of giant viruses infecting protists across the tree of life and, in particular, algae that form massive blooms in the ocean. Virus-induced bloom demise significantly impacts marine ecology and biogeochemistry, as well as the associated microbial community. Nevertheless, little is known about the infection dynamics of these giant viruses in the natural environment and their role in regulating algal blooms. Here, we provide evidence for a daily life cycle of giant viral infection in algal blooms by processing the transcriptome of over 12,000 single algal cells during different phases of interaction with their giant viruses. We revealed that viral infection occurs already at the exponential phase of the bloom and that the timing of infection can determine the magnitude of the bloom but not the fraction of infected cells. We further revealed that the same proportion of infected cells are in the early phase of the viral replication program (13.5%) throughout several consecutive days of the bloom, suggesting that a daily turnover of infection is at play during the bloom and demise phases of the algal population. This may imply that a continuous source of virocell-associated metabolites diffuses throughout the bloom succession and could fuel the microbial food webs. Finally, we link single cell infection state to host physiology and show that infected cells remained calcified even in the late stage of infection, contradicting common observation of bulk population in which viral infection is directly linked with decalcification. Together, these results highlight the importance of studying host-virus dynamics in natural populations at a single-cell resolution, which can provide a fresh view of the dynamics and propagation of viral infection. This approach will enable quantification of the impact of marine viruses on microbial food webs.

show abstract

Complete Genome Sequence of Emiliania huxleyi Virus Strain M1, Isolated from an Induced E. huxleyi Bloom in Bergen, Norway

Abstract: Emiliania huxleyi virus strain M1 (EhVM1), a large double-stranded DNA virus from the family Phycodnaviridae , was isolated from an Emiliania huxleyi bloom during a mesocosm experiment in Raunefjorden, Bergen, Norway. Here, we report its complete genome, composed of one full contig.

Cited by 10 publications

References 12 publications

Novel lipid biomarkers for algal resistance to viral infection in the ocean

Novel lipid biomarkers for algal resistance to viral infection in the ocean

Daily turnover of active giant virus infection during algal blooms revealed by single-cell transcriptomics

Daily turnover of active giant virus infection during algal blooms revealed by single-cell transcriptomics

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About