“…Although the use of fosfomycin is prohibited in animals in China, a plasmid-mediated fosfomycin resistance gene fosA3 is often observed in Escherichia coli isolates from pets and food animals ( Hou et al, 2012 , 2013 ; He et al, 2013 , 2017 ). Furthermore, fosA3 has been found in association with bla CTX–M , rmtB , floR , bla NDM , and other antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) on disseminated plasmids, and this has promoted further spread of fosA3 ( Hou et al, 2012 , 2013 ; He et al, 2013 , 2017 ; Villa et al, 2015 ; Hadziabdic et al, 2018 ). At present, fosA3 has been detected primarily in E. coli isolates from pets, pigs, wild animals, and food animals at rates of 1.1 to 9.0% ( Hou et al, 2012 , 2013 ; Ho et al, 2013 ).…”