Complete Genome Sequence of a Novel Newcastle Disease Virus Strain Isolated from a Chicken in West Africa

Kim, Shin-Hee; Nayak, Subhashree; Paldurai, Anandan; Nayak, Baibaswata; Samuel, Arthur; Aplogan, Gilbert L.; Awoume, Kodzo A.; Webby, Richard J.; Ducatez, Mariette; Collins, Peter L.; Samal, Siba K.

doi:10.1128/jvi.01922-12

Cited by 28 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…We previously determined the complete genome sequence of one of the isolates (APMV-1/chicken/Togo/ AKO18/2009 [AKO18]) from Togo (Table 1) (23). The present study extends this work by describing the genetic and pathotypic analysis of this virus and 26 other NDV isolates, all 27 of which had been recovered from apparently healthy chickens and ducks from live-bird markets in Benin and Togo in 2009.…”

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confidence: 53%

“…A total of 27 strains were isolated ( Table 1). One of these, AKO18 (isolate 23 in Table 1), was previously analyzed by complete genome sequencing (23).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Preliminary identification and characterization of these hemagglutinating agents were carried out by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests with NDV antisera. All HA-positive allantoic fluid specimens were tested further by RT-PCR using primers specific for NDV (23). All experiments with the West African samples, as well as with the virulent NDV strains GB Texas and Fontana, were performed under BSL-3ϩ containment.…”

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Phylogenetic and Pathotypic Characterization of Newcastle Disease Viruses Circulating in West Africa and Efficacy of a Current Vaccine

et al. 2013

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e Newcastle disease (ND) is a deadly avian disease worldwide. In Africa, ND is enzootic and causes large economic losses, but little is known about the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strains circulating in African countries. In this study, 27 NDV isolates collected from apparently healthy chickens in live-bird markets of the West African countries Benin and Togo in 2009 were characterized. All isolates had polybasic fusion (F)-protein cleavage sites and were shown to be highly virulent in standard pathogenicity assays. Infection of 2-week-old chickens with two of the isolates resulted in 100% mortality within 4 days. Phylogenetic analysis of the 27 isolates based on a partial F-protein gene sequence identified three clusters: one containing all the isolates from Togo and one from Benin (cluster 2), one containing most isolates from Benin (cluster 3), and an outlier isolate from Benin (cluster 1). All the three clusters are related to genotype VII strains of NDV. In addition, the cluster of viruses from Togo contained a recently identified 6-nucleotide insert between the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and large polymerase (L) genes in a complete genome of an NDV isolate from this geographical region. Multiple strains that include this novel element suggest local emergence of a new genome length class. These results reveal genetic diversity within and among local NDV populations in Africa. Sequence analysis showed that the F and HN proteins of six West African isolates share 83.2 to 86.6% and 86.5 to 87.9% identities, respectively, with vaccine strain LaSota, indicative of considerable diversity. A vaccine efficacy study showed that the LaSota vaccine protected birds from morbidity and mortality but did not prevent shedding of West African challenge viruses.

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confidence: 53%

“…A total of 27 strains were isolated ( Table 1). One of these, AKO18 (isolate 23 in Table 1), was previously analyzed by complete genome sequencing (23).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Phylogenetic and Pathotypic Characterization of Newcastle Disease Viruses Circulating in West Africa and Efficacy of a Current Vaccine

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“…Full genome sequences of APMV-1 strains of the differently identified genotypes circulating across the globe have been published [17,20,34,52,59,107]. In West Africa, however, only four complete genome sequences of the virus circulating in this sub-region are available in the sequence repositories (GenBank, DDBJ, and EMBL) as of 30th May, 2016.…”

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confidence: 99%

Newcastle disease in Nigeria: epizootiology and current knowledge of circulating genotypes

2016

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Over the years, Newcastle disease (ND) has defied all available control measures. The disease has remained at the forefront of infectious diseases afflicting poultry production after avian influenza. Despite the continuous global use of million doses of ND vaccine annually, the causative pathogen, avian paramyxovirus type 1 also known as Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has continued to evolve causing, even more, a threat not only to the unvaccinated but the vaccinated flocks inclusive. The disease has been well studied in the developed countries where the virus is found in circulation. However, limited information exists on the epizootiology and circulating genotypes of the virus in developing countries where the majority of the flocks are raised on the extensive management system. Identification of virulent NDV in apparently healthy free-range ducks in this system calls for concern and pragmatic approach to investigate factor(s) that favour the virus inhabiting the ducks without clinical manifestation of the disease. Recently, novel genotypes (XIV, XVII, and XVIII) with peculiarity to West and Central African countries have been discovered and due to lack or poor surveillance system possibility of hitherto unreported genotypes are likely. This review elucidates and discusses available literature on the diversity of the circulating NDV genotypes across the West Africa countries and the epizootiology (molecular) of the disease in Nigeria with the view of identifying gaps in knowledge that can assist in the development of effective vaccines and control strategies to combat the peril of the disease.

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“…In the present study, we investigated this using BC virus that was modified to contain the F gene of a genotype VII virulent African strain AKO. F proteins of NDV virulent strains BC and AKO have 89 % amino acid sequence identity (Kim et al, 2012;Samuel et al, 2013). First, the F ORF of strain AKO was used to replace the corresponding regions of BC (rBC/AKO-F) (Fig.…”

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LaSota fusion (F) cleavage motif-mediated fusion activity is affected by other regions of the F protein from different genotype Newcastle disease virus in a chimeric virus: implication for virulence attenuation

Kim

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Collins

et al. 2016

Journal of General Virology

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The cleavage site sequence of the fusion (F) protein contributes to a wide range of virulence of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). In this study, we identified other important amino acid sequences of the F protein that affect cleavage and modulation of fusion. We generated chimeric Beaudette C (BC) viruses containing the cleavage site sequence of avirulent strain LaSota (Las-Fc) together with various regions of the F protein of another virulent strain AKO. We found that the F1 subunit is important for cleavage inhibition. Further dissection of the F1 subunit showed that replacement of four amino acids in the BC/Las-Fc protein with their AKO counterparts (T341S, M384I, T385A and I386L) resulted in an increase in fusion and replication in vitro. In contrast, the mutation N403D greatly reduced cleavage and viral replication, and affected protein conformation. These findings will be useful in developing improved live NDV vaccines and vaccine vectors.Virulent strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) cause a devastating disease in chickens leading to major economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide (Alexander, 1989). NDV is a member of the genus Avulavirus in the family Paramyxoviridae. The virion is enveloped, with a non-segmented, negative-sense ssRNA genome (Samal, 2011). The genome encodes a nucleocapsid protein (N), a phosphoprotein (P), a matrix protein (M), a fusion protein (F), a haemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein (HN) and a large polymerase protein (L).NDV isolates vary greatly in their pathogenicity for chickens and are categorized into three main pathotypes: lentogenic (avirulent), mesogenic (moderately virulent) and velogenic (highly virulent) (Alexander, 1989). The amino acid sequence at the F protein cleavage site has been identified as the primary determinant of virulence (Panda et al., 2004;Peeters et al., 1999). Virulent NDV strains have multibasic cleavage sequences that contain the preferred cleavage site of the intracellular protease furin (Arg-X-Arg/Lys-Arg # ), available in most cell types. In contrast, avirulent NDV strains typically contain one or two basic residues at the F protein cleavage site and are delivered to the plasma membrane in an uncleaved form for cleavage by extracellular proteases. Modification of the cleavage site sequence in the F protein has been shown to greatly alter the replication and pathogenicity of NDV (de Leeuw et al., 2005;Hu et al., 2011;Panda et al., 2004;Peeters et al., 1999; Xiao et al., 2012). In our previous study, we modified the F protein cleavage site sequence (RRQKR # F) of a highly virulent NDV strain Ban010 (genotype VII) to that of avirulent NDV strain LaSota (GRQGR # L), resulting in an avirulent derivative rBan/AF (Xiao et al., 2012). The parental virulent Ban010 virus produced extensive syncytia and plaque in cell culture in the absence of added protease, whereas the avirulent rBan/AF derivative caused only single-cell infections without syncytia or plaque formation in the presence or absence of extracellular protease. This result was unexpecte...

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Complete Genome Sequence of a Novel Newcastle Disease Virus Strain Isolated from a Chicken in West Africa

Cited by 28 publications

References 9 publications

Phylogenetic and Pathotypic Characterization of Newcastle Disease Viruses Circulating in West Africa and Efficacy of a Current Vaccine

Phylogenetic and Pathotypic Characterization of Newcastle Disease Viruses Circulating in West Africa and Efficacy of a Current Vaccine

Newcastle disease in Nigeria: epizootiology and current knowledge of circulating genotypes

LaSota fusion (F) cleavage motif-mediated fusion activity is affected by other regions of the F protein from different genotype Newcastle disease virus in a chimeric virus: implication for virulence attenuation

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