Complete genome sequence and genomic characterization of Microcystis panniformis FACHB 1757 by third-generation sequencing

Abstract

The cyanobacterial genus Microcystis is well known as the main group that forms harmful blooms in water. A strain of Microcystis, M. panniformis FACHB1757, was isolated from Meiliang Bay of Lake Taihu in August 2011. The whole genome was sequenced using PacBio RS II sequencer with 48-fold coverage. The complete genome sequence with no gaps contained a 5,686,839 bp chromosome and a 38,683 bp plasmid, which coded for 6,519 and 49 proteins, respectively. Comparison with strains of M. aeruginosa and some other water bloom-forming cyanobacterial species revealed large-scale structure rearrangement and length variation at the genome level along with 36 genomic islands annotated genome-wide, which demonstrates high plasticity of the M. panniformis FACHB1757 genome and reveals that Microcystis has a flexible genome evolution.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40793-016-0130-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Complete Genome Sequence of Microcystis aeruginosa FD4, Isolated from a Subtropical River in Southwest Florida

“…Notably, 62 clusters of PEP-CTERM sorting domain-containing protein were found along with genes of exopolysaccharide biosynthesis polyprenyl glycosylphosphotransferase, polysaccharide pyruvyl transferase (CsaB), and WecB/TagA/CpsF family glycosyltransferase in the genome, suggesting the possible association of these genes for Microcystis colony formation (11). Consistent with the colony-forming ability of strain FD4, we found a coding gene of gas vesicle protein GvpC and psb and apc photoregulation clusters, which confer an ecological advantage to M. aeruginosa FD4 to compete with other phytoplankton through surface scum formation (12). Kardinaal and colleagues (13) reported that nontoxic strains of Microcystis were better competitors for light than toxic strains.…”

Obtaining Genome Sequences of Mutualistic Bacteria in Single Microcystis Colonies

“…After sequencing, 45 to 166 million reads were generated for each colony (Table 1). Six metagenomes were aligned to NIES843 [3] and FACHB-1757 [29] separately. The mapping results are shown in Table 1.…”

“…Higher coverage of all metagenomes using FACHB-1757 as reference indicated that geographical location is one of the dominant factors in genome similarity. FACHB-1757 is a stain of M. panniformis isolated from Lake Taihu in August 2011 [29]. The two metagenomes of M. panniformis colony both covered over 95% of the FACHB-1757 genome for at least five folds, indicating that colonies of the same Microcystis species at the same geographical location have the highest genome similarity.…”

“…M. aeruginosa and M. wesenbergii colonies were identified referring to Yu et al [55]. The single colonies which had flattened irregular monolayers with small holes (in old colonies) were identified as M. panniformis [29] (Figure S1).…”

Characterization of Microcystis (Cyanobacteria) Genotypes Based on the Internal Transcribed Spacer Region of rRNA by Next-Generation Sequencing

“…Thus, it was difficult to develop the Microcystis genotypes in Yuqiao Reservoir into Haihe River along the water flow. High genomic plasticity was reported for Microcystis ( Kaneko et al, 2007 ; Frangeul and Al, 2008 ), and Microcystis species were shown to possess flexible genome evolution to integrate genes from other individuals ( Zhang et al, 2016 ), which may explain why such similar genotypes were found at a small scale.…”