Complete Feed Rations for Lactating Dairy Cows

McCoy, G.C.; Thurmon, H.S.; Olson, Hannah; Reed, Andrew J.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(66)88017-7

Cited by 34 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The concept of ration balancing relying on the use of conserved forages and concentrates led to major increases in cow performance. An early study by McCoy et al (1966) using complete rations (defined as those with all the forage and grain ingredients blended together and formulated to a specific nutrient concentration) compared three feeding strategies. These included different corn-based concentrate amounts offered (2.5 kg DM per kg 4% FCM, treatment 1; vs. ad lib offer, treatment 2) in combination with alfalfa/bromegrass hay; and a complete ration (70% concentrate, 30% coarsely-ground hay, treatment 3).…”

Section: Dairy Grazing Research In Eastern Usmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Average daily DMI, 4% FCM, and fat yields were 17.9, 18.1, and 20.2 kg DM;20.3,19.5,and 20.4 kg milk; and 0.77, 0.74, and 0.78, respectively, for treatments 1, 2, and 3. Based on the two trials, it was concluded that a complete ration containing a 30:70 forage-to-concentrate ratio was readily consumed by lactating dairy cows while supporting high levels of milk production (McCoy et al, 1966).…”

Section: Dairy Grazing Research In Eastern Usmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance of lactating dairy cows fed varying levels of total mixed ration and pasture

Vibart

Fellner

Burns

et al. 2008

Journal of Dairy Research

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Two, 8-week experiments, each using 30 lactating Holstein cows, were conducted to examine performance of animals offered combinations of total mixed ration (TMR) and high-quality pasture. Experiment 1 was initiated in mid October 2004 and Experiment 2 was initiated in late March 2005. Cows were assigned to either a 100% TMR diet (100:00, no access to pasture) or one of the following three formulated partial mixed rations (PMR) targeted at (1) 85% TMR and 15% pasture, (2) 70% TMR and 30% pasture and (3) 55% TMR and 45% pasture. Based on actual TMR and pasture intake, the dietary TMR and pasture proportions of the three PMR in Experiment 1 were 79% TMR and 21% pasture (79:21), 68% TMR and 32% pasture (68:32), and 59% TMR and 41% pasture (59:41), respectively. Corresponding proportions in Experiment 2 were 89% TMR and 11% pasture (89:11), 79% TMR and 21% pasture (79:21) and 65% TMR and 35% pasture (65:35), respectively. Reducing the proportion of TMR in the diets increased pasture consumption of cows on all PMR, but reduced total dry matter intake compared with cows on 100:00. An increase in forage from pasture increased the concentration of conjugated linoleic acids and decreased the concentration of saturated fatty acids in milk. Although milk and milk protein yields from cows grazing spring pastures (Experiment 2) increased with increasing intakes of TMR, a partial mixed ration that was composed of 41% pasture grazed in the fall (Experiment 1) resulted in a similar overall lactation performance with increased feed efficiency compared to an all-TMR ration.

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Section: Dairy Grazing Research In Eastern Usmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dairy Grazing Research In Eastern Usmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of lactating dairy cows fed varying levels of total mixed ration and pasture

Vibart

Fellner

Burns

et al. 2008

Journal of Dairy Research

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“…When lactating goats were offered choice they consistently consumed less dry matter comparable milk productions compared to their total mixed ration counterparts (111). It is important to note that some experiments have found choice and total-mixed rations to be not significantly different (106,107) or for total-mixed rations to be superior (112). Likewise, others contend that ruminants possess poor internal wisdom and that they are unable to select diets according to their nutrient requirements (108).…”

Section: Nutrition As Effected By Dietary Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

How Dietary Diversity Enhances Hedonic and Eudaimonic Well-Being in Grazing Ruminants

Beck

Gregorini

2020

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Ruminants evolved in diverse landscapes of which they utilized, by choice, a diverse arrangement of plants (grasses, forbs, and trees) for food. These plants provide them with both primary (carbohydrates, protein, etc.) and secondary (phenolics, terpenes, etc.) compounds (PPC and PSC, respectively). As no one plant could possibly constitute a "balanced-diet," ruminants mix diets so that they can exploit arrangements of PPC to meet their individual requirements. Diet mixing also allows for ruminants to ingest PSC at levels, acquiring their benefits such as antioxidants and reduced gastrointestinal parasites, without overstepping thresholds of toxicity. Meeting dietary requirements is assumed to provide satisfaction through achieving positive internal status and comfort, thereby a sense of hedonic (happiness through pleasure) well-being. Furthermore, choice including dietary choice is a factor influencing well-being of ruminants in a manner akin to that in humans. Choice may facilitate eudaimonic (happiness through pursuit of purpose) well-being in livestock. Nutritional status plays an integral role in oxidative stress, which is linked with illness. Several diseases in livestock have been directly linked to oxidative stress. Mastitis, metritis, hypocalcaemia, and retained placenta occur in animals transitioning from dry to lactating and have been linked to oxidative stress and such a stress has likewise been linked to diseases that occur in growing livestock as well, such as bovine respiratory disease. The link between physiological stress and oxidative stress is not well-defined in livestock but is evident in humans. As dietary diversity allows animals to select more adequately balanced diets (improved nutrition), take advantage of PSC (natural antioxidants), and allows for choice (improved animal well-being) there is a strong possibility for ruminants to improve their oxidative status and thus health, well-being, and therefor production. The purposes of this review are to first, provide an introduction to oxidative and physiological stress, and nutritional status as effected by dietary diversity, with special attention to providing support and on answering the "how." Second, to provide evidence of how these stresses are connected and influence each other, and finally discuss how dietary diversity provides a beneficial link to all three and enhances both eudaimonic and hedonic well-being.

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“…One of the earliest studies (McCoy et al . ) indicated that feeding TMR as opposed to feeding forages and concentrates separately provided an opportunity to make every mouthful of feed essentially a complete, nutritionally balanced diet for animals. Comprehensive advantages and disadvantages of TMR were thoroughly reviewed by Schingoethe ().…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of feeding ground versus pelleted total mixed ration on digestion, rumen function and milk production performance of dairy cows

Zhong

Zhao

Feng³

et al. 2019

Int J of Dairy Tech

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This study evaluated the effects of feeding ground (G) versus pelleted (P) total mixed ration (PTMR) on digestibility and milk production performance of mid-lactation dairy cows over a 42-days period. Results showed that, compared to GTMR, feeding PTMR increased dry matter intake and digestibility, ruminal propionate proportions and milk protein percentage, but decreased acetate-topropionate ratio, milk fat percentage and aldehydes, acids, alcohols, and aromatic hydrocarbon proportions in milk. The PTMR did not improve milk yield but accelerated live weight recovery of cows and led to acidosis risk in lactating cows due to negative effects on rumen fermentation.

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Complete Feed Rations for Lactating Dairy Cows

Cited by 34 publications

References 16 publications

Performance of lactating dairy cows fed varying levels of total mixed ration and pasture

Performance of lactating dairy cows fed varying levels of total mixed ration and pasture

How Dietary Diversity Enhances Hedonic and Eudaimonic Well-Being in Grazing Ruminants

Effects of feeding ground versus pelleted total mixed ration on digestion, rumen function and milk production performance of dairy cows

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