Complete Evaluation of Dementia: PET and MRI Correlation and Diagnosis for the Neuroradiologist

Oldan, Jorge; Jewells, Valerie; Pieper, B.; Wong, T.Z.

doi:10.3174/ajnr.a7079

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Brain imaging is an essential tool in the diagnosis and determines the future treatment options available to the patient. Currently, CT-Scan, MRI and carotid ultrasound are being used for brain imaging and vascular dementia diagnosis [106] [107]. But these technologies are expensive, require extensive medical supervision and are not easily accessible, which causes substantial delays in diagnosis and results in irreversible damage.…”

Section: B Dementiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Next Generation Cognition-Aware Hearing Aid Devices With Microwave Sensors: Opportunities and Challenges

et al. 2022

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The strong association between hearing loss and cognitive decline has developed into a major health challenge that calls for early detection, diagnosis and prevention. Hearing loss usually results in severe health implications that include loss of mobility, communication problems and cognitive decline. This study provides an overview of the effects of hearing loss on cognition and progressive neurological disorders with a discussion on the future scope of microwave portable technologies in care homes arrangement. Moreover, the efficacy of hearing aids in reversing cognitive decline and dementia has been investigated. The interconnection between hearing loss, cognitive load and neurodegeneration is also explored. Furthermore, this study looks into the prospects of using portable microwave sensors for the detection and monitoring of cognitive load. For early detection of dementia, this study proposes the integration of microwave sensors with hearing aid devices. Implications and design challenges of portable antenna systems for neurodegeneration detection have also been considered. Future improvement areas regarding robust analysis and diagnosis, system accuracy and security, user-centricity and device privacy for a broader clinical implementation are also discussed.

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Section: B Dementiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Next Generation Cognition-Aware Hearing Aid Devices With Microwave Sensors: Opportunities and Challenges

et al. 2022

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“…In LBD, the thalamus is also affected, but predominantly in the ventral-dorsal and pulvinar regions [30]. In AD, thalamic involvement includes asymmetric atrophy in the ventrolateral and ventromedial nuclei correlating with the severity of the disease and also the atrophy of the caudate nucleus [18,31]. Although some deep GM atrophy patterns have been established, there are still some discrepancies between studies; hence, further research is needed.…”

Section: Cerebral Atrophymentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis and prognosis of dementia

Živanović

Aracki-Trenkić

Milošević

et al. 2022

Bosn J of Basic Med Sci

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Dementia is a syndrome characterized by multidomain acquired chronic cognitive impairment that has a profound impact on daily life. Neurogenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease or nondegenerative diseases such as vascular dementia are considered to cause dementia. The need for further diagnostic improvement originates from the prevalence of these conditions, especially in developed countries with a predominance of the elderly population. Today, the diagnosis and follow-up of all neurodegenerative diseases cannot be performed without radiological imaging, primarily magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The introduction of 3T MRI and its modern techniques, such as arterial spin labeling, has enabled better visualization of morphologic changes in dementia. For better diagnosis and follow-up in patients with dementia, various semiquantitative scales have been designed to improve the accuracy of assessment and decrease interobserver variability. Moreover, there is a growing need for MRI in the assessment of novel therapies and their side effects. To better apply MRI findings in the diagnosis of both already developed dementia and its early stages, the aim of this paper is to review the available literature and summarize the specific MRI changes.

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“…For example, previous studies have found a correlation between cortical thinning and PD dementia (PDD) (Chung et al, 2021). The methodological advances in structural and functional brain analysis could permit the prediction of PDD development in clinical settings (Oldan et al, 2021;Owens-Walton et al, 2021;Shin et al, 2021). A recent retrospective study explored whether the assessment of cortical thickness by MRI combined with other clinical symptoms using a machine learning-based model could predict the transition from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to dementia in PD.…”

Section: Predicting the Development Of Pd Dementiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Cholinergic Receptor Modulation as a Target for Preventing Dementia in Parkinson’s Disease

2021

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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) in the midbrain resulting in progressive impairment in cognitive and motor abilities. The physiological and molecular mechanisms triggering dopaminergic neuronal loss are not entirely defined. PD occurrence is associated with various genetic and environmental factors causing inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in the brain, leading to oxidative stress, proteinopathy, and reduced viability of dopaminergic neurons. Oxidative stress affects the conformation and function of ions, proteins, and lipids, provoking mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation and dysfunction. The disruption of protein homeostasis induces the aggregation of alpha-synuclein (α-SYN) and parkin and a deficit in proteasome degradation. Also, oxidative stress affects dopamine release by activating ATP-sensitive potassium channels. The cholinergic system is essential in modulating the striatal cells regulating cognitive and motor functions. Several muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are expressed in the striatum. The nAChRs signaling reduces neuroinflammation and facilitates neuronal survival, neurotransmitter release, and synaptic plasticity. Since there is a deficit in the nAChRs in PD, inhibiting nAChRs loss in the striatum may help prevent dopaminergic neurons loss in the striatum and its pathological consequences. The nAChRs can also stimulate other brain cells supporting cognitive and motor functions. This review discusses the cholinergic system as a therapeutic target of cotinine to prevent cognitive symptoms and transition to dementia in PD.

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Complete Evaluation of Dementia: PET and MRI Correlation and Diagnosis for the Neuroradiologist

Cited by 15 publications

References 61 publications

Next Generation Cognition-Aware Hearing Aid Devices With Microwave Sensors: Opportunities and Challenges

Next Generation Cognition-Aware Hearing Aid Devices With Microwave Sensors: Opportunities and Challenges

The role of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis and prognosis of dementia

Cholinergic Receptor Modulation as a Target for Preventing Dementia in Parkinson’s Disease

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