Complete discrimination of strain and temperature using Brillouin frequency shift and birefringence in a polarization-maintaining fiber

Zou, Weiwen; He, Zuyuan; Hotate, Kazuo

doi:10.1364/oe.17.001248

Cited by 277 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The proposed method is experimentally demonstrated in the localization of dynamic SBS gratings in polarization maintaining (PM) fibers [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Dynamic gratings are introduced by two counter-propagating pump waves, separated in frequency by Ω B and co-polarized along one principal axis of the PM fiber.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Localized and stationary dynamic gratings via stimulated Brillouin scattering with phase modulated pumps

Antman¹,

Primerov²,

Sancho³

et al. 2012

Opt. Express

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A novel technique for the localization of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) interaction is proposed, analyzed and demonstrated experimentally. The method relies on the phase modulation of two counterpropagating optical waves by a common pseudo-random bit sequence (PRBS), these waves being spectrally detuned by the Brillouin frequency shift. The PRBS symbol duration is much shorter than the acoustic lifetime. The interference between the two modulated waves gives rise to an acoustic grating that is confined to narrow correlation peaks, as short as 1.7 cm. The separation between neighboring peaks, which is governed by the PRBS length, can be made arbitrarily long. The method is demonstrated in the generation and applications of dynamic gratings in polarization maintaining (PM) fibers. Localized and stationary acoustic gratings are induced by two phase modulated pumps that are polarized along one principal axis of the PM fiber, and interrogated by a third, readout wave which is polarized along the orthogonal axis. Using the proposed technique, we demonstrate the variable delay of 1 ns-long readout pulses by as much as 770 ns. Noise due to reflections from residual off-peak gratings and its implications on the potential variable delay of optical communication data are discussed. The method is equally applicable to the modulation of pump and probe waves in SBS over standard fibers. ©2012 Optical Society of America References and links1. R. W. Boyd, Nonlinear Optics, 3rd edition, (Academic Press, 2008). 2. T. Kurashima, T. Horiguchi, and M. Tateda, "Distributed-temperature sensing using stimulated Brillouin scattering in optical silica fibers," Opt. Lett. 15(18), 1038-1040 (1990). 3. T. Horiguchi, T. Kurashima, and M. Tateda, "A technique to measure distributed strain in optical fibers," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 2(5), 352-354 (1990). 4. X. Bao, D. J. Webb, and D. A. Jackson, "22-km distributed temperature sensor using Brillouin gain in an optical fiber," Opt. Lett. 18(7), 552-554 (1993). 5. M. Niklès, L. Thévenaz, and P. A. Robert, "Simple distributed fiber sensor based on Brillouin gain spectrum analysis," Opt. Lett. 21(10), 758-760 (1996). 6. T. Horiguchi and M. Tateda, "Optical-fiber-attenuation investigation using stimulated Brillouin scattering between a pulse and a continuous wave," Opt. Lett. 14(8), 408-410 (1989). 7. A. Fellay, L. Thevenaz, M. Facchini, M. Nikles, and P. Robert, "Distributing sensing using stimulated Brillouin scattering: Toward ultimate resolution," in

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Localized and stationary dynamic gratings via stimulated Brillouin scattering with phase modulated pumps

Antman¹,

Primerov²,

Sancho³

et al. 2012

Opt. Express

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“…Let us denote the complex envelopes of the two pump waves of an SBS dynamic grating as ( ) A enters the fiber at z = 0 and propagates along the positive z direction, whereas pump 2 A propagates from z = L in the negative z direction. The optical frequencies of the two pump waves are separated by Ω ~ Ω B .…”

Section: Principle Of Operation and Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dynamic Brillouin gratings are introduced by two pump waves, which are co-polarized along one principal axis of a polarization maintaining (PM) fiber [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. The stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) interaction between the pumps, which are spectrally detuned by the Brillouin shift Ω B in the fiber, generates a traveling acoustic wave which is accompanied by refractive index variations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The spectral offset between the pump and readout waves varies with the PM fiber birefringence, which in turn depends on both temperature and strain. Dynamic gratings therefore add another dimension to SBS-based distributed sensing [2,4]. In addition, dynamic gratings may provide 'movable mirrors', thereby introducing a new potential platform for all-optical variable group delay [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long Variable Delay and Distributed Sensing Using Stationary and Localized Brillouin Dynamic Gratings

Antman

Primerov

Sancho

et al. 2012

National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference

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“…Over the last three years, SBS-based dynamic acoustic gratings over polarization maintaining (PM) fibers have been drawing increasing attention [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] . Dynamic gratings are introduced by two counter-propagating pump waves, separated in frequency by Ω B and co-polarized along one principal axis of the PM fiber.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brillouin distributed sensing using localized and stationary dynamic gratings

Primerov

Antman

Sancho

et al. 2012

Optical Sensing and Detection II

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In this work, we apply a recent technique for the generation of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) dynamic gratings that are both localized and stationary to realize high-resolution distributed temperature sensing. The gratings generation method relies on the phase modulation of two pump waves by a common pseudo-random bit sequence (PRBS), with a symbol duration that is much shorter than the acoustic lifetime. This way the acoustic wave can efficiently build up in the medium at discrete locations only, where the phase difference between the two waves does not temporarily vary. The separation between neighboring correlation peaks can be made arbitrarily long. Using the proposed method, we experimentally demonstrate distributed temperature sensing with 5 cm resolution, based on modifications to both the local birefringence and the local Brillouin frequency shift in polarization maintaining fibers. The localization method does not require wideband detection and can generate the grating at any random position along the fiber, with complete flexibility. The phase-coding method is equally applicable to high-resolution SBS distributed sensing over standard fibers.

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Complete discrimination of strain and temperature using Brillouin frequency shift and birefringence in a polarization-maintaining fiber

Cited by 277 publications

References 14 publications

Localized and stationary dynamic gratings via stimulated Brillouin scattering with phase modulated pumps

Localized and stationary dynamic gratings via stimulated Brillouin scattering with phase modulated pumps

Long Variable Delay and Distributed Sensing Using Stationary and Localized Brillouin Dynamic Gratings

Brillouin distributed sensing using localized and stationary dynamic gratings

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