Complete degradation of azo dye acid red 337 by Bacillus megaterium KY848339.1 isolated from textile wastewater

Abstract

Biodegradation has been proven as the most efficient, eco-friendly and cost-effective technique for the removing of complex organic matters such as textile dyes from wastewater effluents. Some environmentally friend bacterial strains play an important role in such field. Acid red 337, an azo dye used extensively in textile industry, was reported as hazardous recalcitrant, when released into the aqueous environment. In the present research, a potential bacterial strain, capable of degrading acid red 337 (AR 337) dye was isolated from a textile wastewater effluent. Using 16S rRNA sequence analysis, the bacterium was identified as Bacillus megaterium KY848339.1. The decolorization capability of B. megaterium for AR 337 dye was optimized; the bacterium could remove 91% of dye concentration of 500 mg L −1 within 24 h when the inoculum size was 10% wt./v, solution pH was 7 and the incubation temperature was 30°C. The Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrum (LC-MS) analysis indicated the degradation of AR 337 azo dye by B. megaterium, to small aliphatic compounds and CO 2 . The application of B. megaterium on wastewater contaminated with red dyes using 10% wt./v of bacterial cells concentration was resulted in 98.9% removing of red color through 10 days.

An Integrative Approach to Study Bacterial Enzymatic Degradation of Toxic Dyes

“…In biological processes, microbes can acclimatize themselves to toxic wastes, which can help them develop resistance to toxic traces. This method can also change organic pollutants into various forms like water, CO 2 , and inorganic salts (Ewida et al, 2019). This process has proven to be effective for decolorization and degradation, and the mechanisms by which they degrade have been explored (Stolz, 2001;Rai et al, 2005;Van der Zee and Villaverde, 2005;Ghosh et al, 2017;Mani et al, 2019) either by isolation of organisms as pure cultures or the multispecies culture.…”

“…If the concentration of the dye is shallow, the enzymes secreted from the degradative dye find it difficult to identify the dye, and when the concentration of dye is too high, it blocks the active sites of the bacteria and becomes toxic to the bacteria (Jadhav et al, 2008). However, in the initial stages of dye concentration, there is an increased rate of decolorization, which gradually decreases when the concentration of dye is increased to high concentration (Ghodake et al, 2011;Rajee and Patterson, 2011;Cui et al, 2014;Bhattacharya et al, 2017;Patil et al, 2018;Ewida et al, 2019). Dyeing wastewater has variable quality of water with the distinction of chromaticity reaching around 4,000 times, which has led the researchers to acclimatize the potential degradative bacteria that may help these bacteria to adapt to different concentrations.…”

Compact Carbon-Based Membrane Reactors for the Intensified Anaerobic Decolorization of Dye Effluents

“…During the biodecolorization process, the biomass load was sufficient to form active biofilms to ensure complete biodegradation of the dyes, even with the short contact times associated to one-pass direct filtration operation. Even so, low permeate flow allowed the dye molecules to interact sufficiently with the microorganisms, stimulating the effective biodecolorization rate [61,62], though higher permeate flux is of course detrimental for achieving high biodegradation [63,64]. Therefore, the increase of the permeate flux from 0.05 to 0.075 L•m −2 •h −1 and, finally, to 0.1 L•m −2 •h −1 provides declining decolorization of ADM, MB and RhB dye solutions up to 94%, 98% and 85%, respectively, in B-CSGOM, which are more evident for B-CSCM, where they decreased to 89% for ADM, 94% for MB and 66% for the most reluctant RhB.…”

Photodegradation Kinetics and Color Removal of 2-(4-hydroxyphenylazo) Benzoic Acid by Advanced Oxidation Processes

“…Aromatic azo compounds which are characterized by one or more azo groups form a large and significant class of organic compounds due to their extensive applications as coloring agents in industrial processes involving textile dyeing, plastics, drugs, cosmetics and foods [1][2][3][4]. Large quantities of the azo dye effluents and other toxic chemical compounds are produced as environmental contaminants in the dyeing process of textile industries, by discharging of them into the rivers.…”