Complete Dechlorination of Endosulfan and Lindane Using Mg⁰/Pd⁺⁴ Bimetallic System

Abstract

A Mg°/Pd'^ bimetallic system was evaluated to dechlorinate endosulfan and lindane in the aqueous phase. Studies were conducted with endosulfan and lindane separately, with or without acid in a 1:1 (v/v) water:acetone phase. In the absence of any acid, higher degradation of endosulfan and lindane was observed using Mg°/Pd*'* doses of 10/0.5 and 4/0.1 mg/mL, respectively. Acetone plays an important role in facilitating the dechiorination reaction by increasing tbe solubilities of pesticides. Dechiorination kinetics for endosulfan and lindane (30 and 50 mg/L [30 and 50 ppm] concentration of each pesticide) were conducted with varying Mg^/Pd^ doses, and the timecourse profiles were well-fitted into exponential curves. The optimum observed rate constants {kobs) for endosulfan and lindane were obtained with Mg''/Pd*'' doses of 5/0.5 and 4/0.1 mg/mL, respectively. Gas cbromatography-mass spectrometry analyses revealed that endosulfan and lindane were dechlorinated completely into their hydrocarbon skeletons-Bicyclo [2,2,1] hepta 2-5 diene and benzene, respectively. Water Environ. Res., 83, 865 (2011).

Nano-Phytotechnological Remediation of Endosulfan Using Zero Valent Iron Nanoparticles

“…This clearly indicates that the nZVIs played an important role in the endosulfan detoxification process in the nano-phytoremediation experiments. The dechlorination product of endosulfan was found to be Bicyclo [2] [21] hepta 2-5 diene from GC-MS analysis which is in line with the observations of Aginhotri et al [28] and Begum et al [29]. GC -MS analysis did not indicate the presence of any partially chlorinated intermediates.…”

“…The nZVIs would have reduced the endosulfan in the soil, preventing the normal uptake of the endosulfan by the plants in the nano-phytoremediation experiments [4] [17] [26] [28]. Only 20.35% of the endosulfan (α-and β-endosulfan) removed from the soil was found in the A. calcarata tissues, and 12.21% and 9.84% of the endosulfan removed from the soil was found in the O. sanctum and C. citratus tissues, respectively.…”

“…favorable from a thermodynamic perspective [26]- [28]. The degradation of endosulfan by nZVIs involves hydrogenolysis through sequential dehalogenation.…”

Characterization of Mg-based bimetal treatment of insensitive munition 2,4-dinitroanisole

“…The 10:1 Mg to secondary metal ratio was decided based on several other studies using Mg in bimetal formulations. Mg/Cu was used in 10:1 ratio to treat azo dye (Asgari, Ramavandi and Farjadfard, 2013), and endosulfan and lindane were treated with Mg/Pd at 7.5:1 and 5:1 ratios (Begum and Gautam, 2011) and at 50:1 ratio (Aginhotri, Mahidrakar and Gautam, 2011). In the present study, 0.11 g of Mg granules, 10 mL of water and 1 mL of catalytic metal solution (22.27, 24.29, 22.94…”

Rapid degradation of endosulfan by zero-valent zinc in water and soil

“…Methods of degradation of endosulfan have been developed with the use of white-rot fungus (Kamei et al, 2011), ozonation (Begum andGautam, 2012), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Jayashree and Vasudevan, 2009), hydrophobic zeolites (Yonli et al, 2012), Mg 0 /Pd þ4 bimetallic system (Aginhotri et al, 2011), and so on. According to Laine and Cheng (2007), an effective technology for the destruction of persistent organic pollutants should have the following characteristics: a. high destruction efficiency, b. formation of non-toxic and environmentally benign intermediates and products and c. the reaction should proceed at ambient environmental conditions.…”