Complementing the Genome with an “Exposome”: The Outstanding Challenge of Environmental Exposure Measurement in Molecular Epidemiology

Wild, Christopher P.

doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-05-0456

Cited by 1,814 publications

(1,360 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Genomics is only a decade old and continued advances will better define the role of inheritance in complex chronic diseases. One could make the same argument for needed advances in exposomics (15,16). Clearly, the continued research and integration in both genomics and exposomics will improve our understanding of cancer causation and aid in the prevention and treatment of cancer.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tumor suppressor p53 ( TP53 ) at the crossroads of the exposome and the cancer genome

Schetter

Harris²

2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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confidence: 99%

“…The exposome has recently joined the "omic" vocabulary of the scientific community and is the ability to precisely measure exposure, exposure biomarkers, and biological effects of exposures increasing the risk of disease (15,16). Both the external and the internal environment is in the domain of the exposome (Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor suppressor p53 ( TP53 ) at the crossroads of the exposome and the cancer genome

Schetter

Harris²

2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…The biggest value of GWAS was the novel insight they provided in part into the molecular pathways underlying specific diseases. But given that genetic variation alone explains a very small percentage of most common complex diseases, the exposome concept was put forward first by C. Wild (2005) to point to the importance of matching efforts invested into genetic research with efforts invested into a novel exposure understanding. The exposome has been defined as the totality of external and internal exposures impacting on health and diseases over the life course.…”

Section: Clinical Versus Public Health and Epidemiologic Research Utimentioning

confidence: 99%

Happiness and its molecular fingerprints

Probst‐Hensch

2017

Int Rev Econ

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Happiness and well-being are in part heritable, but modifiable traits. The promotion of well-being and happiness, much like the primary prevention of noncommunicable diseases (NCD), will become increasingly important in a world that is facing an NCD epidemic due to demographic aging and urbanization. The costs for the often lifelong treatment of NCDs are already high and may increase further with the arrival of expensive personalized medicine. The effective promotion of happiness at the individual and population level in order to guide policy requires a causal and mechanistic understanding of its modifiable determinants. With more than half of the world's population living in cities, it becomes, for example, important to understand how environmental, social, and lifestyle characteristics of urban life influence well-being. Yet, the correlation between many of these factors and the fact that they act in concert poses a large challenge in causal inference. The -omics biomarkers which form a pillar of personalized medicine are at the same time essential research instruments of modern-day observational epidemiology. The paper discusses how they can be applied to overcome the challenges researchers face in studies on the association of complex risk and protective patterns with specific well-being phenotypes and their relation to diseases. Important concepts are discussed in the context of well-being that were recently developed by epidemiologists to stimulate more investments into the understanding of the modifiable part of health (e.g., Exposome; Meet-in-the-Middle; Mendelian Randomization) to match the huge investments that went into genetic research.

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“…To address such problems, scientists are increasingly embracing the idea that it is important to measure the "exposome" -the totality of exposure an individual is subjected to from conception to death (13,14). To fully understand the risk of disease, we must measure as many human exposures and responses we can, across multiple time points.…”

Section: The Need To Integrate and Share Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

The CEECHE: a practical approach for reducing exposures and disease outcomes in Central and Eastern Europe

Suk

2017

Reviews on Environmental Health

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Abstract While each region of the world faces unique challenges, environmental threats to vulnerable populations throughout Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) present a significant public health challenge. Environmental pollution is widespread, resulting from the consequences of rapid industrialization during the Soviet Union era. To help address these concerns, a meeting, sponsored in part by the National Institutes of Health (NIH)/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Superfund Research Program (SRP), was convened in 1994. The meeting, “Hazardous Wastes – Exposure, Remediation, and Policy,” brought together representatives of the governments of seven countries in the region, scientists from the United States and Western Europe, and representatives from international organizations to explore hazardous waste problems in the region. Since 1994, the SRP and partners have been holding meetings throughout CEE to share important information regarding environmental health. The general sessions have shifted from a focus on describing the problems in each country related to hazardous waste, exposure assessment, risk reduction, and risk communication, to an exchange of information to better define links between health and the environment and strategies to improve regional problems. The 1994 meeting and subsequent meetings raised issues such as heavy metal contamination, exposures from hazardous waste, and pollution caused by deficiencies in disposal of waste overall. Research priorities that were identified included development of reliable biomarkers, better understanding of the relationship between nutrition and chemical toxicity, more epidemiological studies in CEE, better methods of environmental data analysis, and development of remediation tools. Here, we review examples of research from current SRP grantees that address many of these issues. In 2004, the first official Central and Eastern European Conference on Health and the Environment (CEECHE) was held, and has been held biannually at venues across CEE. The CEECHE provides a forum for researchers and engineers, and organizations with diverse professional expertise and backgrounds, to jointly examine pressing environment and health issues, engage in cooperative research, and develop and disseminate innovative prevention strategies for addressing these issues. The CEECHE facilitates more intentional integration of disciplines to achieve a fundamental understanding of biological, environmental, and engineering processes and exploit this knowledge to contribute to solving environmental exposure-related issues. Critical to the CEECHE mission is the participation of trainees and junior scientists who will share their data and engage broadly with the scientific community. Scientific inquiry that supports a paradigm whereby knowledge gained through understanding disease processes resulting from environmental exposures would further our understanding of potential human health effects, and provide a creative, holistic approach to integrate seemingly discrete biological systems and geological, ecological and human health risk assessments into more comprehensive models. Such models will be discussed which advance the mission of reducing the public health burden of hazardous substances through interdisciplinary research and training.

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Complementing the Genome with an “Exposome”: The Outstanding Challenge of Environmental Exposure Measurement in Molecular Epidemiology

Cited by 1,814 publications

References 29 publications

Tumor suppressor p53 ( TP53 ) at the crossroads of the exposome and the cancer genome

Tumor suppressor p53 ( TP53 ) at the crossroads of the exposome and the cancer genome

Happiness and its molecular fingerprints

The CEECHE: a practical approach for reducing exposures and disease outcomes in Central and Eastern Europe

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