Complementary school garden, nutrition, water, sanitation and hygiene interventions to improve children’s nutrition and health status in Burkina Faso and Nepal: a study protocol

Erismann, Séverine; Shrestha, Akina; Diagbouga, Serge; Knoblauch, Astrid M.; Gerold, Jana; Herz, Ramona; Sharma, Subodh; Schindler, Christian; Odermatt, Peter; Drescher, Axel; Yang, Ray-Yu; Utzinger, Jürg; Cissé, Guéladio

doi:10.1186/s12889-016-2910-7

Cited by 20 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…50 children per school). Eight of the 30 VgtS project schools in Burkina Faso were randomly selected to participate in the study [16]. In each of the sampled schools, 55–60 children (boys and girls in ratio 1:1) were randomly selected; we assumed that the final sample size would be reduced by 15% due to non-response and missing data [16].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To fill this research gap, a multi-country and multi-stakeholder project entitled “Vegetables go to School: improving nutrition through agricultural diversification” (VgtS), was developed to address schoolchildren’s nutrition in an interdisciplinary way, through introducing school vegetable gardens and other school-based health, nutritional and environmental interventions. The VgtS project is active in five countries in Africa and Asia (Bhutan, Burkina Faso, Indonesia, Nepal and the Philippines), with the overall goal of improving schoolchildren’s nutritional status [16]. Under the VgtS project, two intervention studies were implemented in Burkina Faso and Nepal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The findings from these studies guided the development of complementary nutrition and water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) interventions to operate alongside the school garden programme. Details of the study design and procedures have been described elsewhere [16]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and risk factors of undernutrition among schoolchildren in the Plateau Central and Centre-Ouest regions of Burkina Faso

et al. 2017

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BackgroundMultiple factors determine children’s nutritional status, including energy and nutrient intake, recurrent infectious diseases, access (or lack thereof) to clean water and improved sanitation, and hygiene practices, among others. The “Vegetables go to School: improving nutrition through agricultural diversification” (VgtS) project implements an integrated school garden programme in five countries, including Burkina Faso. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of undernutrition and its risk factors among schoolchildren in Burkina Faso before the start of the project.MethodsIn February 2015, a cross-sectional survey was carried out among 455 randomly selected children, aged 8–14 years, in eight schools in the Plateau Central and Centre-Ouest regions of Burkina Faso. Nutritional status was determined by anthropometric assessment. Helminth and intestinal protozoa infections were assessed using the Kato-Katz and a formalin-ether concentration method. A urine filtration technique was used to identify Schistosoma haematobium eggs. Prevalence of anaemia was determined by measuring haemoglobin levels in finger-prick blood samples. Questionnaires were administered to children to determine their knowledge of nutrition and health and their related attitudes and practices (KAP). Questionnaires were also administered to the children’s caregivers to identify basic household socio-demographic and economic characteristics, and water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) conditions. To determine the factors associated with schoolchildren’s nutritional status, mixed logistic regression models were used. Differences and associations were considered statistically significant if P-values were below 0.05.ResultsComplete datasets were available for 385 children. The prevalence of undernutrition, stunting and thinness were 35.1%, 29.4% and 11.2%, respectively. The multivariable analysis revealed that undernutrition was associated with older age (i.e. 12–14 years compared to <12 years; adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 3.45, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.12–5.62, P < 0.001), multiple pathogenic parasitic infections (aOR = 1.87, 95% CI 1.02–3.43, P = 0.044) and with moderate and severe anaemia in children (aOR = 2.52, 95% CI 1.25–5.08, P = 0.010).ConclusionsWe found high prevalence of undernutrition among the children surveyed in the two study regions of Burkina Faso. We further observed that undernutrition, anaemia and parasitic infections were strongly associated. In view of these findings, concerted efforts are needed to address undernutrition and associated risk factors among school-aged children. As part of the VgtS project, WASH, health education and nutritional interventions will be implemented with the goal to improve children’s health.Trial registration ISRCTN17968589 (date assigned: 17 July 2015).Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40249-016-0230-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and risk factors of undernutrition among schoolchildren in the Plateau Central and Centre-Ouest regions of Burkina Faso

et al. 2017

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“…The study was conducted as part of the VgtS study [21], which received the approval of the 'Ethikkommission Nordwest-und Zentralschweiz' in Switzerland (EKNZ, reference no. 2014-161), the ethics committee for health research of Burkina Faso (reference no.…”

Section: Ethical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study was conducted in February 2015 in the frame of the 'Vegetable go to School: improving nutrition through agricultural diversification (VgtS)' project in Burkina Faso [21]. Four hundred and forty-one schoolchildren aged 8-14 years were randomly selected from four schools in the Centre-Ouest region (Douré A, Goundi B, Ipendo A and Tio A) and four schools of the Plateau Central region (Loumbila A, Linoghin A, Tangzougou and Wavoussé).…”

Section: Study Area and Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Laboratory Diagnosis of Giardia intestinalis in Stool Samples from Schoolchildren from the Centre-Ouest and Plateau Central Regions of Burkina Faso

Diagbouga¹,

Kientega²,

Erismann³

et al. 2017

Appli Micro Open Access

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Objective: Giardiasis, a zoonotic, diarrhoeal disease with worldwide occurrence, is routinely diagnosed by microscopic examination of stool samples. However, implementation of this method relies on skilled personal, it is time consuming and relatively low in sensitivity. A superior diagnostic approach to detect the causative agent Giardia intestinalis would, hence, be highly desirable. The current study aimed to assess real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of G. intestinalis as an alternative to microscopy. Material and methods:Stool samples from healthy schoolchildren, aged 8-14 years, from eight schools of the Centre-Ouest and Plateau Central regions in Burkina Faso were collected within a cross-sectional study in February 2015. Microscopic examination was performed on two faecal samples collected over two consecutive days from 441 schoolchildren. Each faecal specimen was examined using Kato-Katz and formol-ether methods of concentration in addition to direct examination. Real-time PCR was used to detect G. intestinalis in all microscopy-positive and a random sample of microscopy-negative samples.Results: Microscopic examination revealed 94 microscopy-positive samples, and an overall G. intestinalis prevalence of 27.2%. Using the microscopic examination as the 'gold' standard, the overall sensitivity of real-time PCR was demonstrated to be 76.6% ranging from 58.3% to 94.1% and the specificity was 96.2% ranging from 96.2% to 100% across schools. Conclusion:Real-time PCR appears to be a solid detection method for G. intestinalis in the current setting. However, it needs to be further optimized to become a more sensitive tool for G. intestinalis diagnosis in low-income settings.

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Interventions promoting uptake of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) technologies in low‐ and middle‐income countries: An evidence and gap map of effectiveness studies

Chirgwin

Cairncross

Zehra

et al. 2021

Campbell Systematic Reviews

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Background Lack of access to and use of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) cause 1.6 million deaths every year, of which 1.2 million are due to gastrointestinal illnesses like diarrhoea and acute respiratory infections like pneumonia. Poor WASH access and use also diminish nutrition and educational attainment, and cause danger and stress for vulnerable populations, especially for women and girls. The hardest hit regions are sub‐Saharan Africa and South Asia. Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6 calls for the end of open defecation, and universal access to safely managed water and sanitation facilities, and basic hand hygiene, by 2030. WASH access and use also underpin progress in other areas such as SDG1 poverty targets, SDG3 health and SDG4 education targets. Meeting the SDG equity agenda to “leave none behind” will require WASH providers prioritise the hardest to reach including those living remotely and people who are disadvantaged. Objectives Decision makers need access to high‐quality evidence on what works in WASH promotion in different contexts, and for different groups of people, to reach the most disadvantaged populations and thereby achieve universal targets. The WASH evidence map is envisioned as a tool for commissioners and researchers to identify existing studies to fill synthesis gaps, as well as helping to prioritise new studies where there are gaps in knowledge. It also supports policymakers and practitioners to navigate the evidence base, including presenting critically appraised findings from existing systematic reviews. Methods This evidence map presents impact evaluations and systematic reviews from the WASH sector, organised according to the types of intervention mechanisms, WASH technologies promoted, and outcomes measured. It is based on a framework of intervention mechanisms (e.g., behaviour change triggering or microloans) and outcomes along the causal pathway, specifically behavioural outcomes (e.g., handwashing and food hygiene practices), ill‐health outcomes (e.g., diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality), nutrition and socioeconomic outcomes (e.g., school absenteeism and household income). The map also provides filters to examine the evidence for a particular WASH technology (e.g., latrines), place of use (e.g., home, school or health facility), location (e.g., global region, country, rural and urban) and group (e.g., people living with disability). Systematic searches for published and unpublished literature and trial registries were conducted of studies in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). Searches were conducted in March 2018, and searches for completed trials were done in May 2020. Coding of information for the map was done by two authors working independently. Impact evaluations were critically appraised according to methods of conduct and reporting. Systematic reviews were critically appraised using a new approach to assess theory‐based, mixed‐methods evidence synthesis. Results There has been an enormous growth in impact evaluations and systematic reviews of WASH ...

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Complementary school garden, nutrition, water, sanitation and hygiene interventions to improve children’s nutrition and health status in Burkina Faso and Nepal: a study protocol

Cited by 20 publications

References 41 publications

Prevalence and risk factors of undernutrition among schoolchildren in the Plateau Central and Centre-Ouest regions of Burkina Faso

Prevalence and risk factors of undernutrition among schoolchildren in the Plateau Central and Centre-Ouest regions of Burkina Faso

Evaluation of a Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Laboratory Diagnosis of Giardia intestinalis in Stool Samples from Schoolchildren from the Centre-Ouest and Plateau Central Regions of Burkina Faso

Interventions promoting uptake of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) technologies in low‐ and middle‐income countries: An evidence and gap map of effectiveness studies

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