Complementary roles for ventral pallidum cell types and their projections in relapse

Abstract

Ventral pallidum (VP) is a key node in the neural circuits controlling relapse to drug seeking but how this role relates to different VP cell types and their projections is poorly understood. Using male rats, we show how different forms of relapse to alcoholseeking are assembled from VP cell types and their projections to lateral hypothalamus (LH) and ventral tegmental area (VTA). First, we used RNAScope in situ hybridization to characterize activity of different VP cell types during relapse to alcohol-seeking provoked by renewal (context-induced reinstatement). We found that VP Gad1 and parvalbumin (PV), but not vGlut2, neurons show relapse-associated changes in c-Fos expression. Next, we used retrograde tracing, chemogenetic, optogenetic, and electrophysiological approaches to study the roles of VP Gad1 and VP PV neurons in relapse. We show that VPGad1 neurons contribute to contextual control over relapse (renewal), but not to relapse during reacquisition, via projections to LH where they converge with ventral striatal inputs onto LH Gad1 neurons. This convergence of striatopallidal inputs at the level of individual LH Gad1 neurons may be critical to balancing propensity for relapse versus abstinence. In contrast, VP PV neurons contribute to relapse during both renewal and reacquisition via projections to VTA but not LH. These findings show complementary roles for different VP cell types and their projections in relapse. VP Gad1 neurons control relapse during renewal via projections to LH whereas VP PV neurons control relapse during both renewal and reacquisition via projections to VTA. Targeting these different pathways may provide tailored interventions for different forms of relapse.

Ventral Pallidum is Essential for Cocaine Reinstatement After Voluntary Abstinence

“…4). We therefore speculate that VP promotes conditioned drug seeking in a context-gated manner, consistent with prior reports that VP is necessary for context-induced reinstatement of alcohol seeking [44, 45, 49, 84].…”

“…VP is heterogeneous, with rostrocaudally- and mediolaterally located subregions, and functionally distinct, genetically-defined neuronal subpopulations [30–32, 54, 60, 84]. We observed broad recruitment of Fos in VP subregions during cue reinstatement tests in both the safe and punishment context, and even in the safe context in the absence of response-contingent cues.…”

Ventral pallidum neurons signal relative threat

“…The VP is essential to reward behavior 15,23,28 and recent evidence reveals the VP as a neural source of relative reward value 35 . A host of studies implicate the VP in aversive learning and behavior [18][19][20]36,[39][40][41]55,63,67 .…”

“…The VP is consistently implicated in reward processes 20,[23][24][25][26][27][28] . VP neurons acquire firing to reward-predictive cues [29][30][31] and show differential firing to cues predicting different reward sizes 32,33 .…”