Complementary distribution of vesicular glutamate transporters in the central nervous system

Kaneko, Takeshi; Fujiyama, Fumino

doi:10.1016/s0168-0102(02)00009-3

Cited by 372 publications

(342 citation statements)

References 42 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

309

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The distribution of VGLUT1 labeling in axon terminals in the LC and the high frequency of asymmetric synapses formed by VGLUT1 axon terminals with unlabeled dendrites are in agreement with other previously published studies (Bellocchio et al, 1998;Herzog et al, 2001;Kaneko and Fujiyama, 2002). Asymmetric synapses (Gray's type I synapses) are believed to mediate excitation based on the detection of enhanced populations of thickened postsynaptic densities in regions of the brain containing elevated proportions of excitatory synapses (Peters, 1991).…”

Section: Vglut1 Is Abundant In Lcsupporting

confidence: 91%

Vesicular glutamate transporter‐1 colocalizes with endogenous opioid peptides in axon terminals of the rat locus coeruleus

Barr

Bockstaele

2005

Anat. Rec.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We have previously shown that a subset of axon terminals in the locus coeruleus (LC) containing methionine 5 -enkephalin (ENK) forms type I (asymmetric-type) synaptic specializations that are characteristic of excitatory-type transmitters. In addition, we previously provided ultrastructural evidence showing that ENK is colocalized with glutamate using a combination of preand postembedding immunohistochemistry. To examine cellular substrates for interactions between glutamate and other endogenous opioid peptides in the LC, we examined the localization of the vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1), a transporter protein involved in the accumulation of the transmitter glutamate into synaptic vesicles, with either ENK or preprodynorphin (ppDYN). Dual-immunofluorescence and electron microscopy showed prominent coexistence of VGLUT1 and ENK in varicose processes of the LC, confirming our previous report using postembedding immunolabeling for glutamate. Likewise, VGLUT1 and ppDYN were identified in common varicose processes in the LC using confocal fluorescence microscopy. Immunoelectron microscopy using gold-silver labeling for VGLUT1 and peroxidase labeling for ppDYN established that this endogenous opioid peptide also colocalizes with glutamate transporters. The majority of these formed asymmetric-type synapses. Taken together, these results demonstrate that excitatory LC afferents are enriched with endogenous opioid peptides and are positioned to modulate LC neuronal activity dually. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Key words: norepinephrine; excitatory amino acid; dynorphin; encephalin; glutamateThe nucleus locus coeruleus (LC), located on the floor of the fourth ventricle in the rostral pons, provides extensive noradrenergic projections throughout the neuraxis. The collection and processing of salient sensory information having effects on memory, attention and arousal, cardiovascular regulation, antinociception, regulation of anxiety states and stress response have been associated with these neurons (Berridge and Waterhouse, 2003). The LC receives a major glutamatergic input from the medullary nucleus paragigantocellularis (PGi) (Ennis and AstonJones, 1988; Aston-Jones et al., 1991). These afferents also express endogenous opioid peptides, including methionine 5 -enkephalin (ENK) (Drolet et al., 1992).Modulation of postsynaptic glutamate receptors activates LC neurons (Oleskevich et al., 1993;Van Bockstaele et al., 2000), while the activity of LC neurons is inhibited by opioid peptides via activation of an inward rectifying

show abstract

Section: Vglut1 Is Abundant In Lcsupporting

confidence: 91%

Vesicular glutamate transporter‐1 colocalizes with endogenous opioid peptides in axon terminals of the rat locus coeruleus

Barr

Bockstaele

2005

Anat. Rec.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Postsynaptic structures were identified as the dendritic spines of granule neurons, traced from the GCL, but the origin of presynaptic axons is less clear. The majority of glutamatergic inputs to the dentate gyrus originate from the entorhinal cortex (43), but cortical inputs mainly terminate in the outer two thirds of the ML (64)(65)(66)(67)(68). The dense arborizations of NGPα RGL stem cells are predominantly contained within the inner third of the ML and GCL, a region where subcortical inputs predominantly terminate (69).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine processes of Nestin-GFP–positive radial glia-like stem cells in the adult dentate gyrus ensheathe local synapses and vasculature

Moss

Gebara

Bushong

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

106

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Adult hippocampal neurogenesis relies on the activation of neural stem cells in the dentate gyrus, their division, and differentiation of their progeny into mature granule neurons. The complex morphology of radial glia-like (RGL) stem cells suggests that these cells establish numerous contacts with the cellular components of the neurogenic niche that may play a crucial role in the regulation of RGL stem cell activity. However, the morphology of RGL stem cells remains poorly described. Here, we used light microscopy and electron microscopy to examine Nestin-GFP transgenic mice and provide a detailed ultrastructural reconstruction analysis of Nestin-GFP-positive RGL cells of the dentate gyrus. We show that their primary processes follow a tortuous path from the subgranular zone through the granule cell layer and ensheathe local synapses and vasculature in the inner molecular layer. They share the ensheathing of synapses and vasculature with astrocytic processes and adhere to the adjacent processes of astrocytes. This extensive interaction of processes with their local environment could allow them to be uniquely receptive to signals from local neurons, glia, and vasculature, which may regulate their fate.adult neurogenesis | adult neural stem cell | neurogenic niche | electron microscopy | hippocampus N eurogenesis in the adult mouse brain primarily occurs within discrete niches, the subventricular zone (SVZ), and the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus, supplying new neurons to the olfactory bulb and the dentate gyrus, respectively (1-3). Neural stem cells of these niches can be activated to divide and generate other stem cells, astrocytes, or new neurons (4, 5). Newborn neurons of the dentate gyrus have the capacity to integrate into the existing hippocampal circuitry (6-8), influencing processes such as learning and memory (9-11) as well as stress and depression (12).Radial glia-like (RGL) neural stem cells of the SVZ, which supply the olfactory bulb with newborn neurons and astrocytes, express astrocytic markers and form elegant pinwheel structures (13-16). RGL neural stem cells of the adult dentate gyrus also express astrocytic markers, but comprise a heterogeneous population based on the molecular markers they express, the morphologies they exhibit (17-22), and their fate (23-28). Nestin-GFP-positive RGL stem cells account for more than 70% of RGL stem cells in the SGZ of the dentate gyrus (24), but it was recently found that not all Nestin-GFP-positive cells with RGL morphology have stem cell properties (29): type β cells, which arborize in the granule cell layer (GCL) but do not reach the molecular layer (ML) of the dentate gyrus, account for 26% of Nestin-GFP-positive RGL stem cells. They express stem cell (Sox1, Sox2, Prominin 1, GFAP, and Nestin) and astrocytic [GFAP, glial glutamate tranporter 1 (GLT1), and S100β] markers but do not proliferate. In contrast, type α cells, which extend across the GCL and arborize in the inner ML, account for 74% of Nestin-GFP-positive RGL cells. They express stem...

show abstract

“…Thus, reductions in densities of axospinous excitatory terminals of B22-27% would result in smaller percent reductions in density of synaptophysinimmunoreactive terminals. Confirmation that excitatory terminals are reduced in deep layer 3 of BA 41 and 42 in subjects with schizophrenia will require utilizing markers that selectively label excitatory terminals (Kaneko and Fujiyama, 2002).…”

Section: Correlation With Axon Terminal Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced Dendritic Spine Density in Auditory Cortex of Subjects with Schizophrenia

Sweet

Henteleff

Zhang

et al. 2008

Neuropsychopharmacol

254

221

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We have previously identified reductions in mean pyramidal cell somal volume in deep layer 3 of BA 41 and 42 and reduced axon terminal density in deep layer 3 of BA 41. In other brain regions demonstrating similar deficits, reduced dendritic spine density has also been identified, leading us to hypothesize that dendritic spine density would also be reduced in BA 41 and 42. Because dendritic spines and their excitatory inputs are regulated in tandem, we further hypothesized that spine density would be correlated with axon terminal density. We used stereologic methods to quantify a marker of dendritic spines, spinophilin-immunoreactive (SP-IR) puncta, in deep layer 3 of BA 41 and 42 of 15 subjects with schizophrenia, each matched to a normal comparison subject. The effect of long-term haloperidol exposure on SP-IR puncta density was evaluated in nonhuman primates. SP-IR puncta density was significantly lower by 27.2% in deep layer 3 of BA 41 in the schizophrenia subjects, and by 22.2% in deep layer 3 of BA 42. In both BA 41 and 42, SP-IR puncta density was correlated with a marker of axon terminal density, but not with pyramidal cell somal volume. SP-IR puncta density did not differ between haloperidol-exposed and control monkeys. Lower SP-IR puncta density in deep layer 3 of BA 41 and 42 of subjects with schizophrenia may reflect concurrent reductions in excitatory afferent input. This may contribute to impairments in auditory sensory processing that are present in subjects with schizophrenia.

show abstract

Complementary distribution of vesicular glutamate transporters in the central nervous system

Cited by 372 publications

References 42 publications

Vesicular glutamate transporter‐1 colocalizes with endogenous opioid peptides in axon terminals of the rat locus coeruleus

Vesicular glutamate transporter‐1 colocalizes with endogenous opioid peptides in axon terminals of the rat locus coeruleus

Fine processes of Nestin-GFP–positive radial glia-like stem cells in the adult dentate gyrus ensheathe local synapses and vasculature

Reduced Dendritic Spine Density in Auditory Cortex of Subjects with Schizophrenia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About