Complementary colors: A literature review

Pridmore, Ralph W.

doi:10.1002/col.22576

Cited by 25 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…This color scheme is strictly positive within a range of bits or bytes displayed in digital or analogue devices [15,16]. Although pixel values outside the standard range have been also used as representing complementary colors [18,17], we forego this alternative interpretation because it would introduce dubious changes in the color rendering of black or white backgrounds.…”

Section: Three-color Pixellated Imagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unitary rotation of pixellated polychromatic images

Urzúa,

Wolf

2022

Preprint

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Unitary rotations of polychromatic images on finite two-dimensional pixellated screens provide invertibility, group composition, and thus conservation of information. Rotations have been applied on monochromatic image data sets, where we now examine closer the Gibbs-like oscillations that appear due to discrete 'discontinuities' of the input images under unitary transformations. Extended to three-color images we examine here the display of color at the pixels where, due to the oscillations, some pixel color values may fall outside their required common numerical range [0, 1], between absence and saturation of the red, green, and blue formant color images.

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Section: Three-color Pixellated Imagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unitary rotation of pixellated polychromatic images

Urzúa,

Wolf

2022

Preprint

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“…Each picture contained two-digits number that was as similar as a TAC. Uniquely, the model enabled HideScreen or glare to the process by utilising the complex pixels of complementary Red, Green, Blue (RGB) colours of each picture whenever shoulder surfer sees to the actual user [21] [22]. Users can access the proposed model from their smartphone screen.…”

Section: A Shoulder-surfing Resistant Authentication Scheme Using Vis...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Associating User’s Preference and Satisfaction into Quality of Experience: A Shoulder-surfing Resistant Authentication Scheme by Visual Perception

Mohamed¹,

Fudzee²,

Ramli³

et al. 2022

IJACSA

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Authentication acts as a secured method of usability concepts to certain transactions, especially for online banking transaction. Existing method is lacking in terms of usability, thus, making the goal of usability for authentication activities unsuccessful. A study has discovered some key concepts of usability in terms of Human Computer Interaction (HCI) by comparing two existing models of two different factors: environmental factors and display factors. An algorithm shows the authentication step during the online transaction activity. This paper is to prove that shoulder-surfing resistant authentication scheme that uses visual colour-blind mode-based model meets all the requirements of usability, hence, achieved the goal of usability of authentication. This study will bring forward an algorithm that examined the stated authentication scheme with the two factors, i.e environmental and display, during the authentication activity.

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“…For example, when observers look at a red stimulus for a considerable amount of time, adaptation gradually incurs. When the red stimulus suddenly disappears, leaving a blank (e.g., gray) screen, a cyan after-image appears (M. H. Wilson & Brocklebank, 1955 ), approximately complementary (i.e., with an opposite content in color space) to the adapter’s initial (primary) color (Burckhardt, 1866 ; Koenderink et al, 2020 ; Manzotti, 2017 ; Pridmore, 2021 ). Such illusions, inherent to the mismatch between the physical world and its compressed subjective representation by the visual system, nicely reveal the underlying dynamics of adaptation (Mather et al, 1998 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

After-image formation by adaptation to dynamic color gradients

Alzeer

Houwers

Smagt

et al. 2022

Atten Percept Psychophys

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The eye’s retinotopic exposure to an adapter typically produces an after-image. For example, an observer who fixates a red adapter on a gray background will see an illusory cyan after-image after removing the adapter. The after-image’s content, like its color or intensity, gives insight into mechanisms responsible for adaptation and processing of a specific feature. To facilitate adaptation, vision scientists traditionally present stable, unchanging adapters for prolonged durations. How adaptation affects perception when features (e.g., color) dynamically change over time is not understood. To investigate adaptation to a dynamically changing feature, participants viewed a colored patch that changed from a color to gray, following either a direct or curved path through the (roughly) equiluminant color plane of CIE LAB space. We varied the speed and curvature of color changes across trials and experiments. Results showed that dynamic adapters produce after-images, vivid enough to be reported by the majority of participants. An after-image consisted of a color complementary to the average of the adapter’s colors with a small bias towards more recent rather than initial adapter colors. The modelling of the reported after-image colors further confirmed that adaptation rapidly instigates and gradually dissipates. A second experiment replicated these results and further showed that the probability of observing an after-image diminishes only slightly when the adapter displays transient (stepwise, abrupt) color transitions. We conclude from the results that the visual system can adapt to dynamic colors, to a degree that is robust to the potential interference of transient changes in adapter content.

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Complementary colors: A literature review

Cited by 25 publications

References 46 publications

Unitary rotation of pixellated polychromatic images

Unitary rotation of pixellated polychromatic images

Associating User’s Preference and Satisfaction into Quality of Experience: A Shoulder-surfing Resistant Authentication Scheme by Visual Perception

After-image formation by adaptation to dynamic color gradients

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