Complementary characterization by fluorescence and AFM of polyaminosiloxane glass fibers coatings

Turrión, S.G.; Olmos, D.; González‐Benito, J.

doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2004.11.006

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Turrion et al coated AR-Glass fibers with the coupling agent 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (122). The obtained polyaminosiloxane coating was characterized as: (1) at a molecular scale through fluorescence response of pyrene moiety attached to the polymer coating in chemical manner and (2) at a nanoscopic scale by AFM.…”

Section: Coupled Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

AFM Applications in Micro/Nanostructured Coatings

Aliofkhazraei

Ali

2014

Comprehensive Materials Processing

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Section: Coupled Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

AFM Applications in Micro/Nanostructured Coatings

Aliofkhazraei

Ali

2014

Comprehensive Materials Processing

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“…The first layer of silane coupling agent is chemically bound to the glass fiber surface through SiOSi covalent bonds . Approximately, ten next layers are chemisorbed as polysiloxane film and further layers are physisorbed silanes, mainly as monomers and oligomers . The silane on the glass fiber surface generates a structured topography forming islands on surface along with homogeneous film areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[7] Approximately, ten next layers are chemisorbed as polysiloxane film and further layers are physisorbed silanes, mainly as monomers and oligomers. [9] The silane on the glass fiber surface generates a structured topography forming islands on surface along with homogeneous film areas. The value of average roughness (R a ), which is the arithmetic average of the absolute values of the surface height deviations, for silanized glass fiber surface after deposition of silane is approximately 6.5 nm, while R a for unsized glass fiber surface is only 0.6 nm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal curing and water re-exposure of silane-PVA/PVAc complex film on glass fiber surface

Repovský

Michalka

Velič

2014

Surf. Interface Anal.

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Because glass fiber reinforced composites are in industrial demand, chemistry and topography of the glass fiber sizing are of interest. Silane–PVA/PVAc (polyvinyl alcohol/polyvinyl acetate) complex film on the glass fiber surface is studied during thermal curing and water re‐exposure by using atomic force microscopy. The complex film consists of silane with the honeycomb structure film and PVA/PVAc with the hexagonal close pack structure of ellipsoidal shaped microspheres (270 × 620 nm). The thermal curing at 100 °C is leading to the evaporation of water contained in the microspheres. Because of water evaporation, the average roughness value of 1‐min thermal curing decreases from initial 7.3 to only 2.7 nm. Such a collapse of microsphere is followed by an intermixing between silane film and PVA/PVAc microspheres leading to a change of silane honeycomb structure along with silane tips. The average value of the silane honeycomb structure wall width decreases from 144 nm to 54 nm, for curing times of 15 and 30 min, respectively. A re‐exposure to an aqueous environment after 100 °C curing leads to almost completely restored microspheres regarding shape and size. The average complex film thickness increases from 180 nm for thermal curing for 30 min to 225 nm for water re‐exposed film. Interestingly, the pits in the microsphere structure are observed presumably because of the tips from intermixing. The thermal curing at 200 °C enhances the intermixing, and after 15 min, an intramixing is suggested to occur between PVAc core and PVA shell of the microsphere. The water re‐exposure after 15 min of 200 °C curing leads to a re‐containing of water but without restored microsphere structure; Because of the intramixing, leaving the silane–PVA/PVAc film is not complex anymore. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…The first layer, which consists of the silane coupling agent is chemically bound to the glass fiber surface through SiOSi covalent bonds 7. Approximately, the following ten layers are chemisorbed as a polysiloxane film and further layers are physisorbed silanes, which exist mainly as monomers, and oligomers 9…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[7] Approximately, the following ten layers are chemisorbed as a polysiloxane film and further layers are physisorbed silanes, which exist mainly as monomers, and oligomers. [9] Polyvinyl alcohol/polyvinyl acetate (PVA/PVAc) microspheres are used as the film former. The PVA/PVAc structure forms a core-shell microsphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation Mechanism of a Silane‐PVA/PVAc Complex Film on a Glass Fiber Surface

Repovský

Jáné

Pálszegi³

et al. 2013

ChemPhysChem

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Mechanical properties of glass fiber reinforced composite materials are affected by fiber sizing. A complex film formation, based on a silane film and PVA/PVAc (polyvinyl alcohol/polyvinyl acetate) microspheres on a glass fiber surface is determined at 1) the nanoscale by using atomic force microscopy (AFM), and 2) the macroscale by using the zeta potential. Silane groups strongly bind through the Si-O-Si bond to the glass surface, which provides the attachment mechanism as a coupling agent. The silane groups form islands, a homogeneous film, as well as empty sites. The average roughness of the silanized surface is 6.5 nm, whereas it is only 0.6 nm for the non-silanized surface. The silane film vertically penetrates in a honeycomb fashion from the glass surface through the deposited PVA/PVAc microspheres to form a hexagonal close pack structure. The silane film not only penetrates, but also deforms the PVA/PVAc microspheres from the spherical shape in a dispersion to a ellipsoidal shape on the surface with average dimensions of 300/600 nm. The surface area value Sa represents an area of PVA/PVAc microspheres that are not affected by the silane penetration. The areas are found to be 0.2, 0.08, and 0.03 μm(2) if the ellipsoid sizes are 320/570, 300/610, and 270/620 nm for silane concentrations of 0, 3.8, and 7.2 μg mL(-1), respectively. The silane film also moves PVA/PVAc microspheres in the process of complex film formation, from the low silane concentration areas to the complex film area providing enough silane groups to stabilize the structure. The values for the residual silane honeycomb structure heights (Ha ) are 6.5, 7, and 12 nm for silane concentrations of 3.8, 7.2, and 14.3 μg mL(-1), respectively. The pH-dependent zeta-potential results suggest a specific role of the silane groups with effects on the glass fiber surface and also on the PVA/PVAc microspheres. The non-silanized glass fiber surface and the silane film have similar zeta potentials ranging from -64 to -12 mV at pH's of 10.5 and 3, respectively. The zeta potentials for the PVA/PVAc microspheres on the glass fiber surface and within the silane film significantly decrease and range from -25 to -5 mV. The shapes of the pH-dependent zeta potentials are different in the cases of silane groups over a pH range from 7 to 4. A triple-layer model is used to fit the non-silanized glass surface and the silane film. The value of the surface-site density for Γ(Xglass) and Γ(Xsilane), in which X denotes the Al-O-Si group, differs by a factor of 10(-4), which suggests an effective coupling of the silane film. A soft-layer model is used to fit the silane-PVA/PVAc complex film, which is approximated as four layers. Such a simplification and compensation of the microsphere shape gives an approximation of the relevant widths of the layers as the follows: 1) the layer of the silane groups makes up 10% of the total length (27 nm), 2) the layer of the first PVA shell contributes 30% to the total length (81 nm), 3) the layer of the PVAc core contributes 30% to the to...

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Complementary characterization by fluorescence and AFM of polyaminosiloxane glass fibers coatings

Cited by 18 publications

References 23 publications

AFM Applications in Micro/Nanostructured Coatings

AFM Applications in Micro/Nanostructured Coatings

Thermal curing and water re-exposure of silane-PVA/PVAc complex film on glass fiber surface

Formation Mechanism of a Silane‐PVA/PVAc Complex Film on a Glass Fiber Surface

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