Complementary and alternative treatments of multiple sclerosis: a review of the evidence from 2001 to 2016

Claflin, Suzi B.; Mei, Ingrid van der; Taylor, Bruce

doi:10.1136/jnnp-2016-314490

Cited by 38 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…1 Further, medical use of cannabis is on the rise, as it has been proposed to provide some relief for pain disorders, vomiting and nausea. [2][3][4] Systematic assessment of the literature provides little guidance, with no or insufficient evidence for most pain conditions except for neuropathic pain. The evidence supporting the latter use remains unimpressive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between warfarin and cannabis

Damkier

Lassen

Christensen

et al. 2018

Basic Clin Pharma Tox

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Delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main psychoactive cannabinoid in cannabis, may inhibit the cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP2C9. Consequently, cannabis use might infer a risk of drug‐drug interaction with substrates for this enzyme, which includes drugs known to have a narrow therapeutic window. In this study, we describe a case report of a 27‐year‐old man treated with warfarin due to mechanical heart valve replacement who presented with elevated international normalized ratio (INR) value (INR = 4.6) following recreational cannabis use. We conducted a review of the available literature, using the PubMed and EMBASE databases while following PRISMA guidelines. Following screening of 85 articles, three eligible articles were identified, including one in vitro study and two case reports. The in vitro study indicated that THC inhibits the CYP2C9‐mediated metabolism of warfarin. One case study reported of a man who on two occasions of increased marijuana use experienced INR values above 10 as well as bleeding. The other case study reported of a patient who initiated treatment with a liquid formulation of cannabidiol for the management of epilepsy, ultimately necessitating a 30% reduction in warfarin dose to maintain therapeutic INR values. The available, although sparse, data suggest that use of cannabinoids increases INR values in patients receiving warfarin. Until further data are available, we suggest patients receiving warfarin be warned against cannabis use.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between warfarin and cannabis

Damkier

Lassen

Christensen

et al. 2018

Basic Clin Pharma Tox

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“…Despite the lack of controlled studies, there is a partial yet confirmed association between the dosage and the efficacy of medicinal plants. 36 We conducted the current review to investigate the results of studies with animals and humans regarding the effects of medicinal plants and plant compounds on treatment of MS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytotherapy as a Complementary Medicine for Multiple Sclerosis

Rabiei

2019

tjps

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Multipl skleroz (MS), dünya çapında yetişkinlerde en sık görülen nörolojik problemdir. MS hastalarının pek çok sorunla karşı karşıya kalmasına neden olan iki ana sorun bulunmaktadır. İlk sorun, MS'in kesin nedeninin henüz belirlenmemiş olmasıdır. Diğer problem ise bu hastalık için kesin bir tedavinin olmayışıdır. Bu nedenle, MS'li hastalar, bu hastalığın semptomlarını giderebilmek için tamamlayıcı ve alternatif tedavi arayışındadırlar. Aynı zamanda, tıbbi bitkilerin, MS'in farklı modellerde tedavisinde olası olumlu farmakolojik etkilere sahip olduğu gösterilmiştir. Bu derlemenin hazırlanmasında,

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“…Considering the limitation of classical treatments, complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) have been suggested and some already adopted in MS therapy 10,11 . Roy Swank proposed a low saturated fat diet to treat MS around 1950 [12][13][14] and diet supplementation with organic, gluten-free and allergen-free ingredients have been beneficial to MS patients 15 .…”

Section: Openmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selenization of S. cerevisiae increases its protective potential in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by triggering an intestinal immunomodulatory loop

Fraga-Silva

Mimura

Oliveira

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease that affects the myelinated central nervous system (CNS) neurons and triggers physical and cognitive disabilities. Conventional therapy is based on disease-modifying drugs that control disease severity but can also be deleterious. Complementary medicines have been adopted and evidence indicates that yeast supplements can improve symptoms mainly by modulating the immune response. In this investigation, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its selenized derivative (Selemax) in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Female C57BL/6 mice submitted to EAE induction were orally supplemented with these yeasts by gavage from day 0 to day 14 after EAE induction. Both supplements determined significant reduction in clinical signs concomitantly with diminished Th1 immune response in CNS, increased proportion of Foxp3+ lymphocytes in inguinal and mesenteric lymph nodes and increased microbiota diversity. However, Selemax was more effective clinically and immunologically; it reduced disease prevalence more sharply, increased the proportion of CD103+ dendritic cells expressing high levels of PD-L1 in mesenteric lymph nodes and reduced the intestinal inflammatory process more strongly than S. cerevisiae. These results suggest a clear gut-brain axis modulation by selenized S. cerevisiae and suggest their inclusion in clinical trials.

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Complementary and alternative treatments of multiple sclerosis: a review of the evidence from 2001 to 2016

Cited by 38 publications

References 63 publications

Interaction between warfarin and cannabis

Interaction between warfarin and cannabis

Phytotherapy as a Complementary Medicine for Multiple Sclerosis

Selenization of S. cerevisiae increases its protective potential in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by triggering an intestinal immunomodulatory loop

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