Complementarity of Brazil׳s hydro and offshore wind power

The Social Costs of Electricity Generation—Categorising Different Types of Costs and Evaluating Their Respective Relevance

“…In such cases, the need to operate expensive peaking plants is reduced as solar PV output increases, up to the point a certain solar PV penetration rate is reached [66]. Another example is the deployment of a certain amount of wind turbines in electricity systems with high shares of hydropower and seasonal complementarity between wind and hydrological resources [67,68]. Furthermore, the IEA [50] notes that in cases of small electricity systems needing additional capacity because of growing peak demand, small, optimally-sized VRE power plants may incur smaller capacity costs than conventional power plants.…”

100% Renewable Energy Supply for Brazil—The Role of Sector Coupling and Regional Development

“…Resource assessments in high spatial resolution have been provided for solar global horizontal irradiation [14,15], direct normal irradiation [16] and wind speed [17], revealing that particularly good potentials are located in the western and northwestern part of the country. With reservoir hydro stations as a source of flexibility, the power system is expected to easily balance substantial shares of VRE generation without increasing demand for fossil backup power plants [5,[18][19][20]. Nevertheless, Saporta [21] mentioned that the flexibility provided by hydropower plants with reservoirs in Brazil can be constrained by the multiple uses of water for environmental, social and economic purposes.…”

Economic and environmental analysis of a hybrid solar, wind and pumped storage hydroelectric energy source: a Polish perspective

“…The introduction of non-dispatchable generation in the form of solar and wind energy sources leads to a situation in which the supply side also starts to vary and this in turn leads to disruptions on the energy market. Numerous papers has been dedicated to the problem of subjugating variable renewable energy sources (VRES) and easing their integration into the energy system by means of: wind speed [8,9] and irradiation [10,11] forecasting, spatial and temporal complementarity of selected energy sources [12,13], hybrid energy sources [14][15], energy storage options [16,17], and demand side management [18]. Delucci and Jacobson [19,20] state that by combining all the approaches described above and employing additional ones it is possible to cover the world energy demand using solar, wind and hydropower.…”

“…But one would have to overcome the same problems which we face nowadays with the integration of RES, namely, their variable and non-dispatchable nature. As has already been mentioned, several approaches [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] can be applied, but the concept which incorporates at least three of them is a hybrid of photovoltaic (solar power), wind turbine and pumped storage hydroelectricity (PV-WT-PSH).Coupled wind and solar power sources tend to exhibit lower variability and it is well known that on an annual time scale they exhibit a strong complementarity [11,12,[21][22][23][24]. The concept of the temporal complementarity of a dual energy source can be explained by means of two sine functions which depict their variation in energy output; in the case of perfect temporal complementarity they will be out of phase with each other by π/2, or in other words they have a very strong (˗1) negative correlation.…”

“…But one would have to overcome the same problems which we face nowadays with the integration of RES, namely, their variable and non-dispatchable nature. As has already been mentioned, several approaches [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] can be applied, but the concept which incorporates at least three of them is a hybrid of photovoltaic (solar power), wind turbine and pumped storage hydroelectricity (PV-WT-PSH).…”