Complementarity and the use of indicator groups for reserve selection in Uganda

Howard, Peter C.; Viskanic, Paolo; Davenport, Tim R.B.; Kigenyi, Fred; Baltzer, M.; Dickinson, Chris J.; Lwanga, Jeremiah S.; Matthews, Roger; Balmford, Andrew

doi:10.1038/28843

Cited by 418 publications

(390 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…And the highest number of species can only be conserved when complementary areas are included in the conservation plan (Howard et al 1998). The maintenance of the high diversity of Budongo, being an isolated forest with no immediate source of additional forest species, may be more attributed to the existence of all stages of the succession gradient (Richardson-Kageler 2004;Shea et al 2004) than acquisition of more forest species from elsewhere, which, additionally, often takes a long time (Chapman et al 1997).…”

Section: The Effect Of Continuing Reforestation On the Biodiversity Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Composition of woody species in a dynamic forest-woodland-savannah mosaic in Uganda: implications for conservation and management

Nangendo¹,

Steege²,

Bongers³

2006

Forest Diversity and Management

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Abstract. Forest-woodland-savannah mosaics are a common feature in the East African landscape. For the conservation of the woody species that occur in such landscapes, the species patterns and the factors that maintain it need to be understood. We studied the woody species distribution in a forest-woodland-savannah mosaic in Budongo Forest Reserve, Uganda. The existing vegetation gradients were analyzed using data from a total of 591 plots of 400 or 500 m 2 each. Remotely sensed data was used to explore current vegetation cover and the gradients there in for the whole area. A clear species gradient exists in the study area ranging from forest, where there is least disturbance, to wooded grassland, where frequent fire disturbance occurs. Most species are not limited to a specific part of the gradient although many show a maximum abundance at some point along the gradient. Fire and accessibility to the protected area were closely related to variation in species composition along the ordination axis with species like Cynometra alexandri and Uvariopsis congensis occurring at one end of the gradient and Combretum guenzi and Lonchocarpus laxiflorus at the other. The vegetation cover classes identified in the area differed in diversity, density and, especially, basal area. All vegetation cover classes, except open woodland, had indicator species. Diospyros abyssinica, Uvariopsis congensis, Holoptelea grandis and all Celtis species were the indicator species for the forest class, Terminalia velutina and Albizia grandbracteata for closed woodland, Grewia mollis and Combretum mole for very open woodland and Lonchocarpus laxiflorus, Grewia bicolor and Combretum guenzi for the wooded grassland class. Eleven of the species occurred in all cover classes and most of the species that occurred in more than one vegetation cover class showed peak abundance in a specific cover class. Species composition in the study area changes gradually from forest to savannah. Along the gradient, the cover classes are distinguishable in terms of species composition and vegetation structure. These classes are, however, interrelated in species composition. For conservation of the full range of the species within this East African landscape, the mosaic has to be managed as an integrated whole. Burning should be varied over the area with the forest not being burnt at all and the wooded grassland burnt regularly. The different vegetation types that occur between these two extremes should be maintained using a varied fire regime.

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Section: The Effect Of Continuing Reforestation On the Biodiversity Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Composition of woody species in a dynamic forest-woodland-savannah mosaic in Uganda: implications for conservation and management

Nangendo¹,

Steege²,

Bongers³

2006

Forest Diversity and Management

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“…In spite of some recent criticism (see Prendergast et al 1999;Heikkinen 2002), complementarity is nowadays a widely used technique for reserve selection, due mainly to the fact that it performs better than scoring techniques but also because limited funding is available for conservation (Faith and Walker 1996;Howard et al 1998;Margules and Pressey 2000;Rodrigues et al 2000b;. Moreover, there is also a recent debate on the relative value of optimisation complex methods versus heuristic simple reserve selection algorithms for complementarity (see Moore et al 2003).…”

Section: Regional Conservation Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ranking protected areas in the Azores using standardised sampling of soil epigean arthropods

et al. 2005

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Abstract. Nineteen areas in seven of the nine Azorean islands were evaluated for species diversity and rarity based on soil epigean arthropods. Fifteen out of the 19 study areas are managed as Natural Forest Reserves and the remaining four were included due to their importance as indigenous forest cover. Four of the 19 areas are not included in the European Conservation network, NATURA 2000. Two sampling replicates were run per study area, and a total of 191 species were collected; 43 of those species (23%) are endemic to the archipelago and 12 have yet to be described. To produce an unbiased multiple-criteria index (importance value for conservation, IV-C) incorporating diversity and rarity based indices, an iterative partial multiple regression analysis was performed. In addition, an irreplaceability index and the complementarity method (using both optimisation and heuristic methods) were used for priority-reserves analyses. It was concluded that at least one well-managed reserve per island is absolutely necessary to have a good fraction of the endemic arthropods preserved. We found that for presence/absence data the suboptimal complementarity algorithm provides solutions as good as the optimal algorithm. For abundance data, optimal solutions indicate that most reserves are needed if we want that at least 50% of endemic

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“…globally (Gaston 2000), in biodiversity hotspots (Myers et al 2000), in WWF's ecoregions (Lamoreux et al 2006), in the tropics in general (Balmford and Long 1995) and across 1°latitude 9 1°longitude (90-111 9 111 km) blocks in sub-Sahara Africa (Moore et al 2003). At fine spatial scales, 100 km 2 and smaller, cross-taxon congruence patterns are much more ambiguous sometimes showing very low (Prendergast et al 1993;Howard et al 1998) and sometimes high congruence (Lund and Rahbek 2002) often depending on whether taxa are ecologically similar or taxonomically nested (Negi and Gadgil 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These proportions represent conservative estimates of the true proportions of endemic and threatened species as especially unidentified and rare species (with a greater likelihood to escape detection) are likely to be endemic and threatened. Last, we assessed congruence in the uniqueness of forest types for the three species groups by comparing complementarity scores (Howard et al 1998;Reyers et al 2000).…”

Section: Cross-taxon Congruence Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-taxon congruence in tree, bird and bat species distributions at a moderate spatial scale across four tropical forest types in the Philippines

Weerd

Haes

2010

Biodivers Conserv

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Indicator species groups are often used as surrogates for overall biodiversity in conservation planning because inventories of multiple taxa are rare, especially in the tropics where most biodiversity is found. At coarse spatial scales most studies show congruence in the distribution of species richness and of endemic and threatened species of different species groups. At finer spatial scale levels however, cross-taxon congruence patterns are much more ambiguous. In this study we investigated cross-taxon patterns in the distribution of species richness of trees, birds and bats across four tropical forest types in a ca. 100 9 35 km area in the Northern Sierra Madre region of Luzon Island, Philippines. A non-parametric species richness estimator (Chao1) was used to compensate for differential sample sizes, sample strategies and completeness of species richness assessments. We found positive but weak congruence in the distribution of all and endemic tree and bird and tree and bat species richness across the four forest types; strong positive congruence in the distribution of all and endemic bat and bird species richness and low or negative congruence in the distribution of globally threatened species between trees, birds and bats. We also found weak cross-taxon congruence in the complementarity of pairs of forest types in species richness between trees and birds and birds and bats but strong congruence in complementarity of forest pairs between trees and bats. This study provides further evidence that congruence in the distribution of different species groups is often ambiguous at fine to moderate spatial scales. Low or ambiguous cross-taxon congruence complicates the use of indicator species and species groups as a surrogate for biodiversity in general for local systematic conservation planning.

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Complementarity and the use of indicator groups for reserve selection in Uganda

Cited by 418 publications

References 27 publications

Composition of woody species in a dynamic forest-woodland-savannah mosaic in Uganda: implications for conservation and management

Composition of woody species in a dynamic forest-woodland-savannah mosaic in Uganda: implications for conservation and management

Ranking protected areas in the Azores using standardised sampling of soil epigean arthropods

Cross-taxon congruence in tree, bird and bat species distributions at a moderate spatial scale across four tropical forest types in the Philippines

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