Complementarity and redundancy of interactions enhance attack rates and spatial stability in host–parasitoid food webs

Peralta, Guadalupe; Frost, Carol M.; Rand, Tatyana A.; Didham, Raphaël K.; Tylianakis, Jason M.

doi:10.1890/13-1569.1

Cited by 87 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…In our study, the increased number of parasitoid species attacking the same host species at edges provides functional redundancy, which has been shown using the same dataset here to reduce the spatial variability of parasitoid-host interactions (Peralta et al 2014) and elsewhere to increase parasitism rates (Tylianakis et al 2006).…”

Section: Accepted Articlesupporting

confidence: 63%

Non‐random food‐web assembly at habitat edges increases connectivity and functional redundancy

Peralta

Frost

Didham

et al. 2017

Ecology

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Habitat fragmentation dramatically alters the spatial configuration of landscapes, with the creation of artificial edges affecting community structure and dynamics. Despite this, it is not known how the different food webs in adjacent habitats assemble at their boundaries. Here we demonstrate that the composition and structure of herbivore-parasitoid food webs across edges between native and plantation forests are not randomly assembled from those of the adjacent communities. Rather, elevated proportions of abundant, interaction-generalist parasitoid species at habitat edges allowed considerable interaction rewiring, which led to higher linkage density and less modular networks, with higher parasitoid functional redundancy. This was in spite of high overlap in host composition between edges and interiors. We also provide testable hypotheses for how food webs may assemble between habitats with lower species overlap. In an increasingly fragmented world, non-random assembly of food webs at edges may increasingly affect community dynamics at the landscape level.

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Section: Accepted Articlesupporting

confidence: 63%

Non‐random food‐web assembly at habitat edges increases connectivity and functional redundancy

Peralta

Frost

Didham

et al. 2017

Ecology

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“…Parasitoids (Hymenoptera and Diptera) were identified morphologically after their emergence. For male Hymenoptera parasitoids that could not be identified morphologically, we sequenced a region of the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) used in previous studies for parasitoid identification (Kaartinen, Stone, Hearn, Lohse, & Roslin, ), and related male sequences to those of female specimens that had been identified morphologically (see Peralta et al., for more details on species identification). A list of the plant, herbivore and parasitoid species involved in this study, and locations where voucher specimens have been deposited, can be found in Table S1 in Appendix ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant, herbivore and parasitoid community composition in native Nothofagaceae forests vs. exotic pine plantations

Peralta

Frost

Didham

2018

Journal of Applied Ecology

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Converting natural areas into land used for production causes dramatic changes in the configuration of landscapes. Both the loss and fragmentation of native habitats contribute to biodiversity loss world‐wide and the consequent creation of artificial edges can have a significant influence on community assembly. The conservation value of plantation forests has been identified for specific species, but it is not clear whether exotic pine plantations can also be used for the preservation of native communities in general. We studied whether community composition of different trophic levels (plants, herbivorous caterpillars, parasitoids) changed across native Nothofagaceae forests to exotic pine plantations, and whether habitat edges affected communities differently depending on the forest type considered. To accomplish this, we sampled plants, herbivorous caterpillars and parasitoids in native Nothofagaceae and exotic pine plantation forests and compared community composition of each trophic level across habitats. We found that community composition of plants, herbivorous caterpillars and parasitoids differed significantly between native and exotic plantation forests, and that variation in the composition of the upper trophic levels was strongly dependent on variation in the composition of the lower trophic level. Moreover, differences in community composition were mostly the result of species turnover, suggesting that plantations are complementary habitats for some species, but cannot be a substitute habitat for all native forest species. Furthermore, edge effects had a strong impact on the composition of native communities, such that certain species were only present in the interior of the native habitat. Synthesis and applications. Large areas of native vegetation, where the interior remains intact, are essential to preserve species that are susceptible to edge effects and that cannot occupy other habitat types. Creating straight instead of winding edges could decrease the impact that plantations have on native forests. Furthermore, increasing the representativeness of native plant communities in exotic plantation forests would cascade up to higher consumer trophic levels, considerably increasing the conservation value of these commercial stands.

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“…The pine forests at our edges were between 17 and 28 years of age, with trees mature enough that the canopies were closed. We describe the understory vegetation composition of the two forest types elsewhere2135. Each forest (plantation or native) was large enough to have an interior location at least 400 m from all edges.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apparent competition drives community-wide parasitism rates and changes in host abundance across ecosystem boundaries

et al. 2016

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Species have strong indirect effects on others, and predicting these effects is a central challenge in ecology. Prey species sharing an enemy (predator or parasitoid) can be linked by apparent competition, but it is unknown whether this process is strong enough to be a community-wide structuring mechanism that could be used to predict future states of diverse food webs. Whether species abundances are spatially coupled by enemy movement across different habitats is also untested. Here, using a field experiment, we show that predicted apparent competitive effects between species, mediated via shared parasitoids, can significantly explain future parasitism rates and herbivore abundances. These predictions are successful even across edges between natural and managed forests, following experimental reduction of herbivore densities by aerial spraying of insecticide over 20 hectares. This result shows that trophic indirect effects propagate across networks and habitats in important, predictable ways, with implications for landscape planning, invasion biology and biological control.

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Complementarity and redundancy of interactions enhance attack rates and spatial stability in host–parasitoid food webs

Cited by 87 publications

References 66 publications

Non‐random food‐web assembly at habitat edges increases connectivity and functional redundancy

Non‐random food‐web assembly at habitat edges increases connectivity and functional redundancy

Plant, herbivore and parasitoid community composition in native Nothofagaceae forests vs. exotic pine plantations

Apparent competition drives community-wide parasitism rates and changes in host abundance across ecosystem boundaries

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