Complement-requiring neutralizing antibodies in cattle to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus

Abstract

Six-month-old calves were given one injection or two injections 14 days apart, with a vaccine strain of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus. Six months ]ater the calves received a similar injection. Serum neutralizing antibody titers to IBI~ virus were determined with and without complement (C'). Nine days after the 1st injection, titers were 16-to 64-fold higher with than without C'. Complement-requiring neutralizing (CRN) antibodies rapidly decreased relative to non-CRN (NCt~N) antibodies. Titers 6 months after the 1st injection, although low, were the same or twofold higher with than without C'. An injection of IBR virus at 6 months stimulated the production of NCRN, but not CRN, antibodies. Differences between titers determined with and without C' of healthy, adult cattle were low. It was concluded that early in the primary response CRN antibodies were preferentially produced compared with NCt~N antibodies and, that if this phenomenon occurs in naturally infected cattle, this observation could be useful from a diagnostic point of view. A possible effect of the injection at 14 days in prolonging the CRN antibody response was also observed.

Antibody class and complement requirement on neutralizing antibodies in the primary and secondary antibody response of cattle to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus vaccine

“…Sera used in this study for determination of immunoglobulin class of antibodies and CRNAb were from 6-month-old calves given 106.6 mean tissue culture infective doses of IBR virus intramuscularly on days 0 and 196 as previously described (16), and from 2 yearling heifers (no. i04 and 106) 6 days after a single intramuscular injection of I0 s.~ mean tissue culture infective doses of IBtZ virus.…”

“…Unless otherwise indicated, neutralization tests were conducted as follows: 0.2 ml of serial 2-fold dilutions of test sera was mixed with 0.2 ml of a constant amount of virus and incubated for an hour at 37 ° C; 0.I ml C' or heat-inactivated serum was added and the mixtures incubated for another hour at 37 ° C, diluted 1000-fold, the residual virus assayed on bovine embryonic lung monolayers and titers determined as previously described (16).…”

“…Complement dependence diminished much sooner than the antibody titer during the first month. In response to a second injection C' dependence was much less prominent so that C' dependence could be used to distinguish a primary from a secondary response (16). This investigation is concerned with the relationship between antibody class, CI~NAb and their appearance in the immune response, and some of the factors necessary for demonstrafing CRNAb.…”

Studies on the Neutralization of Herpes Simplex Virus

“…CRN antibody has been found not only with HSV but also with a number of other viruses (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(23)(24)(25)(28)(29)(30)(31). This was not the case, however, with poliovirus (14).…”

Appearance of slow-reacting, complement-requiring hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody in swine infected with pseudorabies virus

“…By incubating virus-serum mixtures with complement, several investigators have reported increase sensitivity of the NT test for herpes simplex [25], human cytomegalo [6], smallpox [ 12], rubella [ 13], respiratory syncytial [ 1], Western equine encephalitis [26], Japanese encephalitis [8], simian herpes [20], Murray Valley encephalitis, Kunjin and Edge Hill [24], infectious bovine rhinotracheitis [15], parainfluenza 3 1-9], pseudorabies [2], equine arteritis [77, and Akabane [17] viruses, and of the HI test for influenza virus [14]. In the present study, we investigated the effects of complement and of various incubation conditions on the titers of HI antibody in sera of swine infected with PrV.…”