Complement Fixation in Rickettsial Diseases

Plotz, Harry

doi:10.1126/science.97.2505.20

Cited by 53 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Rather they illustrate a general principle applicable to other infections of man. Data which support this conclusion have been observed in rickettsial infections (14), in antibody response to adenovirus vaccines (15), and in infections caused by the arthropod-borne group of animal viruses (16). SUMMARY The antibody orienting effects of prior infections with antigenic variants of influenza viruses were confirmed by studies with monovalent adjuvant vaccines and with polyvalent aqueous and adjuvant preparations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Predetermination by Infection and by Vaccination of Antibody Response to Influenza Virus Vaccines

Davenport

Hennessy

1957

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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The antibody orienting effects of prior infections with antigenic variants of influenza viruses were confirmed by studies with monovalent adjuvant vaccines and with polyvalent aqueous and adjuvant preparations. In either case, the predominant antibody response was of a "booster" type, directed against the major antigens of strains of original infection. It was shown that vaccination with appropriate strains, selected as antigenic prototypes, could orient or predetermine subsequent antibody response upon revaccination. Moreover, the effects of exposure by vaccination were found to be durable and to constitute a foundation upon which future antibody dividends could be accumulated. As a result, it seems feasible to induce by vaccination a more lasting broad composite antibody protection against influenza if appropriate preparations and schedules are used.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Predetermination by Infection and by Vaccination of Antibody Response to Influenza Virus Vaccines

Davenport

Hennessy

1957

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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“…Thus the complement-fixation test was applied by Castaneda (11), by Bengtson (12,13), and by Plotz (14). Most of the tests are now performed by the technic of Bengtson (13) or that of Plotz (14).…”

Section: Serologic Tests and Preparation Of Antigensmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Most of the tests are now performed by the technic of Bengtson (13) or that of Plotz (14). The complement-fixation test has been used routinely for years as a diagnostic aid in rickettsial diseases.…”

Section: Serologic Tests and Preparation Of Antigensmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Rickettsiae

Topping¹,

Shepard²

1947

Annu. Rev. Microbiol.

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The rickettsiae and the diseases they cause have been inten sively studied during the past six years. The recent work was stimulated by the probability that many troops would be exposed to certain of the rickettsial diseases during the war. Another strong stimulus was the development of methods for the culth:ation of large numbers of rickettsiae in the yolk sacs of hens' fertile eggs. Until 1940-41 the investigations of this group or organisms had been primarily concerned with the diseases per se, the epidemi ology, vector transmission, and reservoirs. Zinsser and his group and others had done some work on serological relationships but were handicapped by the fact that production of adequate quanti ties of suspensions rich in rickettsiae was difficult if not almost impossible. Much had been done on the relationships of the rickettsiae to the Proteus X strains although no very satisfactory explanation of the Weil-Felix test had been forth coming. The dif ferentiation of the various rickettsial agents depended almost en tirely upon the disease picture produced in animals and the results of cross-immunity and neutralization tests. These at best were fre quently somewhat crude and demonstrated only major differences. Only Rocky Mountain spotted fever vaccine had been produced in sufficient quantity to be of practical significance. It was derived from the tissues of infected ticks and its manufacture so tedious and costly that the supply was very limited. Many had described methods for the preparation of vaccines against typhus fever but none of these had been definitely proven to be of value, or they involved such difficult and delicate procedures that they were not considered practical.This, then, was the status of the rickettsial field when several methods were described for the cultivation of large numbers of rickettsiae, and the war focused attention upon this group of dis eases. 333 Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 1947.1:333-350. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org Access provided by University of Bath on 02/04/15. For personal use only. Quick links to online content Further ANNUAL REVIEWS

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“…Thereafter, improvements in rickettsial serodiagnosis developed in concert with the introduction of newer and more sensitive antibody detection systems. In the 1940s, Topping (21), Plotz (18), and others produced antigens for complement fixation (CF) tests, and for the next several decades rickettsiologlsts throughout the world verified the utility of CF tests for serodiagnosis. CF tests also confirmed the evolving rickettsial classification scheme that divided the rickettsiae into typhus, scrub typhus, spotted fever, and Q fever biogroups (6).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of rickettsial diseases: A perspective

1991

Eur J Epidemiol

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Rickettsioses have nonspecific clinical manifestations, making them difficult to diagnose in a clinical setting. Laboratory testing is usually needed to confirm the diagnosis. Rickettsial isolation is a sensitive and specific diagnostic technique, but the hazards associated with handling pathogenic rickettsiae usually preclude isolation attempts in most laboratories. Rickettsiae can also be detected in infected tissues by fluorescein-labeled antisera or by immunoperoxidase staining, but these techniques lack sensitivity, except when applied to postmortem tissue specimens. However, rickettsial DNA can be detected in acute phase blood specimens by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology, and this technique offers the prospect of prompt diagnosis and treatment. Serologic testing remains the most frequently used approach to diagnosis, although antibody tests usually fail to identify rickettsioses early enough to affect the management of individual patients. Available serologic techniques vary considerably in their sensitivity and specificity. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) are extremely sensitive, but the general unavailability of specific diagnostic antigens reduces the specificity of this and other serologic techniques. Molecular characterization of rickettsial antigens may soon allow the production of peptide antigens that are specific for each species and could maximize the specificity of test results. No diagnostic technique has any value unless it is applied successfully to the appropriate patient population. Improved surveillance of rickettsial diseases is urgently needed to identify specific areas in which rickettsioses are endemic. Such surveillance data would promote awareness of rickettsioses among local physicians and increase the probability that individual patients with rickettsioses would be identified promptly and receive appropriate therapy early in the course of their illness.

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Complement Fixation in Rickettsial Diseases

Cited by 53 publications

References 4 publications

Predetermination by Infection and by Vaccination of Antibody Response to Influenza Virus Vaccines

Predetermination by Infection and by Vaccination of Antibody Response to Influenza Virus Vaccines

The Rickettsiae

Diagnosis of rickettsial diseases: A perspective

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