Competitiveness and entrepreneurship rate in Europe during the economic recovery phase, 2012–2016

Entrepreneurial environment attractiveness: a cross-country longitudinal cluster analysis

“…Finally, we have the short-term context whereby the economic and political conditions at the moment of investment are crucial in determining the attractiveness of an entrepreneurial environment. Our findings are in line with Crecente-Romero et al (2019), which shows exactly how some of these given (social and cultural traits) and long-term pillars (efficient goods market, flexible labor market, etc.) can influence the level of a country’s entrepreneurial activity and how they can be more or less impactful depending on the short-term context such as economic cycles.…”

“…At the same time, in countries that present lower levels of uncertainty avoidance, individuals are more willing to take risks and thus are more entrepreneurially oriented (Mueller and Thomas, 2001). Crecente-Romero et al (2019) have demonstrated the connection between entrepreneurial activity rates and country competitiveness, and state that differences in patterns among regions and countries exist and can generally be explained by the economic context and cultural and social interpretations of the entrepreneurship activity in each nation/region. Although the impact of entrepreneurship activity on economic growth and competitiveness may vary depending on the stage of the country or region's economic development (Korez-Vide and Tominc, 2016), it is considered crucial for advanced economies willing to consolidate their competitiveness (Audretsch et al, 2005) as well as for developing countries willing to develop their competitive potential (Atiase et al, 2018).…”

COVID-19 as an entrepreneurship, innovation, digitization and digitalization accelerator: Spanish Internet domains registration analysis

“…What is already known: The COVID-19 pandemic rapidly turned from a global health crisis to a major economic and social crisis affecting society as a whole (Carlsson-Szlezak et al, 2020;Wren-Lewis, 2020), altering consumers' habits, making them more unpredictable than ever (Pastore, 2020) and putting enormous pressure on local businesses that, in addition to outstanding debts and financial difficulties (Syriopoulos, 2020), now have to face additional e-commerce-based competitors, as shown under the theoretical model framework (Figure 1). Some survival strategies and entrepreneurship initiatives were already included within the business continuity plan; however, new unforeseen events have arisen such as (1) working remotely, where the COVID-19 pandemic has completely changed the working environment (Ahorsu et al, 2020;Shader, 2020) and teleworking (Song and Gao, 2019); (2) the impact of digitalization as resilience, as it provides potential for new sustainable economic models, allowing the economy to recover and to be more digital-focused, competitive and resilient for endurance of subsequent crises (Deloitte, 2020a); and (3) other business opportunities that benefit society from the innovation and knowledge generated (Crecente-Romero et al, 2019;Sarabia et al, 2020).…”

“…New business opportunities: Organizations, regardless of their size or sector, need to embrace the pandemic as an opportunity to grow, that promotes entrepreneurship, innovation, business model transformation, a collaborative working environment and tighter integration with customers and providers. Economic crises, the political environment and entrepreneurship rate have always been tightly related, indicating that a crisis generates new gaps and opportunities that are further detected and solved by leadership and entrepreneurial actions, leading to the acquisition of additional entrepreneurship skills at the end of each crisis that consequently benefits society from the newly generated innovation and knowledge (Crecente-Romero et al, 2019;Sarabia et al, 2020).…”

Attitudes Toward Entrepreneurship Education, Post-pandemic Entrepreneurial Environment, and Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy Among University Students

“…Due to this major crisis of public health, countries and the global economy had been hit hard (Jawad et al, 2021), resulting in rising unemployment (Rigby, 2021). Entrepreneurship has been an important means of stimulating economic recovery (Crecente-Romero et al, 2019) and also one of the effective ways how the state promotes the employment of university students. Therefore, university students' entrepreneurship plays a very crucial role in reducing unemployment and improving economic recovery in the post-epidemic period.…”