Competitive solvent extraction of alkaline earth cations into chloroform by lipophilic acyclic polyether dicarboxylic acids

Kang, Sang Ihn; Czech, Anna; Czech, B.; Stewart, Louis E.; Bartsch, Richard A.

doi:10.1021/ac00285a046

Cited by 29 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…One school of thought argues that, unlike anionic surfactants and some hydrotropes, salts affect the cloud point mainly by modifying the properties of water rather than the interfacial properties of nonionic surfactants . The temperature-induced phase separation has been used in solvent and hard-metal ion extraction .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Direct Study of C₁₂E₅ Aggregation on Mica by Atomic Force Microscopy Imaging and Force Measurements

and

Mao

2000

Langmuir

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Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to study the aggregation structure and kinetics of nonionic surfactant penta(oxyethylene) dodecyl ether (C12E5) on mica as a function of temperature. Surface forces and topographical images of surfactant aggregates at the liquid/solid interface were captured in the vicinity of 21 °C. The surfactant molecular aggregates were imaged by choosing an imaging force in the steric repulsion region so that the AFM tip was just outside the surface of the aggregates. At below 21 °C, C12E5 adsorbed as fragments of tens of nanometers in size. The fragments consist of 1-2 nm thick strongly adsorbed species and weakly adsorbed species extending as far as 15 nm from the substrate surface. The fragments gradually increased in number and attached to each other to form clusters connected in one dimension (strings) and two dimensions (networks). With increasing surface coverage, the surface force changed from a purely attractive one to one showing a repulsive force barrier. At above 21 °C, a smooth and continuous layer structure formed instantaneously. Scan damage in the form of ever-expanding holes was observed in the surfactant layers. The force versus distance profiles suggest continuous bilayers formed on both mica and AFM tip with a thickness of 4 nm. The abrupt changes in the aggregate structure and adsorption rate point to a phase transition at the surfaces, which originates from the temperatureinduced dehydration of the headgroup as in the cloud point phenomenon. This correlation was also supported by the evidence that the adsorption of C12E5 was suppressed by the addition of a salting-in compound, sodium perchlorate.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 The temperature-induced phase separation has been used in solvent and hard-metal ion extraction. 5 Enhanced detergency has been found to occur near the cloud point. 6 However, the surface phase transition and the exact structures responsible for the variation in the adsorption behavior near the cloud point have not been understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Study of C₁₂E₅ Aggregation on Mica by Atomic Force Microscopy Imaging and Force Measurements

and

Mao

2000

Langmuir

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“…[35][36][37][38][39][40] In the study of open chain analogs of crown ether podands, adequate lipophilicity was required for useful application of liquid membranes or organic solvents as phase-transfer agents, 41,42 and the lipophilicity can be regulated by attaching either aromatic residues or methyl pendants to the podand. 43 This also explains that the solubility trends in Table I could originate from the change in lipophilicity. In the case of the bridge effect in podands, the formation of metal complexes was affected by the type of bridge such as (CH 2 CH 2 ) 2 O, (CH 2 ) 3 , and (CH 2 ) 2 , which was explained with a threedimensional, ''wrap-around'' coordination of the metal cation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…[45][46][47][48] This is not surprising considering that solubility is measured by the degree of swelling of materials such as cross-linked polymers that do not dissolve. [43][44][45][46] It was also found that a solvent with high swelling of PDMS showed high solubility. 29 PDMS has a low dipole moment, i.e., low polar properties, 45 so nonpolar solvents such as benzene, pentane, cyclic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, halogenated compounds, and ethers (diethyl ether, dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran) revealed high solubility and high swelling.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Solvent Type on Low-Temperature Sintering of Silver Oxide Paste to Form Electrically Conductive Silver Film

Kim

Chun

2011

Journal of Elec Materi

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Silver oxide pastes were formulated from silver oxide powder, silver a-neodecanoate, and solvents, which lowers the sintering temperature of printed silver films to 150°C. In this paper, solvent effects were investigated through the formulation of silver oxide pastes using various solvents with high boiling points such as glycol, ether, and terpineol. Solvent structures such as terminal methyl and alkoxyl groups affected the solubility of silver a-neodecanoate and the swelling of the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) blanket. Particularly, higher solubility induced uniform mixing of the silver oxide powder and silver a-neodecanoate, which resulted in higher conductivity after sintering. Glycols and monoalkyl ethers reacted with the silver oxide or silver salt, which deteriorated the pot life of the paste. Among the various candidates, a-terpineol satisfied all the requirements such as printability and stability, exhibiting a solubility of 47.8 g in 100 g of solvent, PDMS swelling of 4.6%, and conductivity of 1.8 9 10 5 S/cm after sintering at 150°C for 30 min.

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“…An alternative approach is to eliminate the need to extract an aqueous-phase anion by use of a macrocyclic host to which is attached an appropriate negatively charged functional group. This approach is illustrated by recent reports on the extraction of alkali metal and alkaline earth metal ions from aqueous solution into chloroform by crown ethers bearing carboxylic acids as functional groups (3)(4)(5). It has been shown that the extraction of these metal ions by crown ether carboxylic acids is independent of counteranions, although the extraction efficiencies in these systems are insufficient for use in chemical analysis.…”

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confidence: 99%

Solvent extraction of lanthanides with a crown ether carboxylic acid

Tang¹,

Wai²

1986

Anal. Chem.

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Competitive solvent extraction of alkaline earth cations into chloroform by lipophilic acyclic polyether dicarboxylic acids

Cited by 29 publications

References 26 publications

Direct Study of C₁₂E₅ Aggregation on Mica by Atomic Force Microscopy Imaging and Force Measurements

Direct Study of C₁₂E₅ Aggregation on Mica by Atomic Force Microscopy Imaging and Force Measurements

Effects of Solvent Type on Low-Temperature Sintering of Silver Oxide Paste to Form Electrically Conductive Silver Film

Solvent extraction of lanthanides with a crown ether carboxylic acid

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Competitive solvent extraction of alkaline earth cations into chloroform by lipophilic acyclic polyether dicarboxylic acids

Cited by 29 publications

References 26 publications

Direct Study of C12E5 Aggregation on Mica by Atomic Force Microscopy Imaging and Force Measurements

Direct Study of C12E5 Aggregation on Mica by Atomic Force Microscopy Imaging and Force Measurements

Effects of Solvent Type on Low-Temperature Sintering of Silver Oxide Paste to Form Electrically Conductive Silver Film

Solvent extraction of lanthanides with a crown ether carboxylic acid

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Product

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Direct Study of C₁₂E₅ Aggregation on Mica by Atomic Force Microscopy Imaging and Force Measurements

Direct Study of C₁₂E₅ Aggregation on Mica by Atomic Force Microscopy Imaging and Force Measurements